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Lecture 1 & 2 - Java Classes, Methods and Objects

Java classes and objects are the fundamental building blocks of object-oriented programming in Java. A class defines the attributes and behaviors of a real-world entity, acting as a blueprint for objects. An object is an instance of a class that encapsulates state through attributes and behavior through methods. Methods define reusable blocks of code that can be invoked on objects, and may accept parameters and return values. Everything in a Java program is associated with classes and objects.

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Daniel Lawrence
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111 views

Lecture 1 & 2 - Java Classes, Methods and Objects

Java classes and objects are the fundamental building blocks of object-oriented programming in Java. A class defines the attributes and behaviors of a real-world entity, acting as a blueprint for objects. An object is an instance of a class that encapsulates state through attributes and behavior through methods. Methods define reusable blocks of code that can be invoked on objects, and may accept parameters and return values. Everything in a Java program is associated with classes and objects.

Uploaded by

Daniel Lawrence
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Classes &

Objects
Java Classes/Objects
• Java is an object-oriented programming
language.
• Everything in Java is associated with classes
and objects, along with its attributes and
methods.
• A Class is like an object constructor, or a
"blueprint" for creating objects.
Create a Class
• To create a class, use the keyword class:

MyClass.java
Create a class called "MyClass" with a variable x:
public class MyClass {
  int x = 5;
}
Create an Object
It is a basic unit of Object Oriented Programming and
represents the real life entities.  A typical Java program
creates many objects, which as you know, interact by
invoking methods. An object consists of :
– State : It is represented by attributes of an object. It
also reflects the properties of an object.
– Behavior : It is represented by methods of an object.
It also reflects the response of an object with other
objects.
– Identity : It gives a unique name to an object and
enables one object to interact with other objects.
Create an Object
Create an Object
• In Java, an object is created from a class.
We have already created the class
named MyClass, so now we can use this to
create objects.
• To create an object of MyClass, specify the
class name, followed by the object name,
and use the keyword new:
Create an Object
• Create an object called "myObj" and print the value of
x:
public class MyClass {
  int x = 5;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    MyClass myObj = new MyClass();
    System.out.println(myObj.x);
  }
}
Create Multiple Objects
• Create two objects of MyClass:

public class MyClass {
  int x = 5;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    MyClass myObj1 = new MyClass();
    MyClass myObj2 = new MyClass();
    System.out.println(myObj1.x);
    System.out.println(myObj2.x);
  }
}
Using Multiple Classes
• We can also create an object of a class and access
it in another class.
• Remember that the name of the java file should
match the class name. In this example, we have
created two files in the same directory/folder:
– MyClass.java
– OtherClass.java
Java Class Attributes
• Create a class called "MyClass" with two
attributes: x and y:

public class MyClass {
  int x = 5;
  int y = 3;
}
Accessing Attributes
public class MyClass {
  int x = 5;

  public static void main(String[]
args) {
    MyClass myObj = new MyClass();
    System.out.println(myObj.x);
  }
}
Modify Attributes
• There are 2 ways to modify values of attributes:
– Modify Attribute Values
– Override Existing Values

• Declare the attribute as final


Multiple Objects
• If you create multiple objects of one class, you can
change the attribute values in one object, without
affecting the attribute values in the other:

• Change the value of x to 25 in myObj2, and


leave x in myObj1 unchanged:
Multiple Objects
public class MyClass {
  int x = 5;

  public static void main(String[]
args) {
    MyClass myObj1 = new MyClass();
    MyClass myObj2 = new MyClass();
    myObj2.x = 25;
    System.out.println(myObj1.x);
    System.out.println(myObj2.x);
  }}
Multiple Attributes
public class Dog{
  String name = “Max”
String breed = “The Beagle”
int age = 3;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Dog myDog = new Dog();
    System.out.println(“Name and Breed: “ +
myDog.name + “ “ + myDog.breed);
    System.out.println(“Age: “ + myDog.age);
  }}
Introduction to
Java Methods
Methods
• A method is a block of code which only runs
when it is called.
• You can pass data, known as parameters, into
a method.
• Methods are used to perform certain actions,
and they are also known as functions.
• Why use methods? To reuse code: define the
code once, and use it many times.
Methods
• A method must be declared within a class.
• It is defined with the name of the method,
followed by parentheses ().
• Java provides some pre-defined methods,
such as System.out.println()
Create a method inside MyClass:

public class MyClass {
  static void myMethod() {
    // code to be executed
  }
}
public class MyClass {
  static void myMethod() {
    // code to be executed
  }
}

• myMethod() is the name of the method


public class MyClass {
  static void myMethod() {
    // code to be executed
  }
}
• static means that the method belongs to
the MyClass class and not an object of the
MyClass class.
public class MyClass {
  static void myMethod() {
    // code to be executed
  }
}

• void means that this method does not have


a return value.
Call a Method
• To call a method in Java, write the method's
name followed by two parentheses () and a
semicolon ;
Call a Method
public class MyClass {
  static void myMethod() {
    System.out.println("I just got
executed!");
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    myMethod();
  }
}
Call a Method
• A method can be also called multiple times:

public class MyClass {
  static void myMethod() {
    System.out.println("I just got executed!");
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    myMethod();
    myMethod();
    myMethod();
  }
}
Method Parameters
• Information can be passed to functions as
parameter. Parameters act as variables
inside the method.
• Parameters are specified after the method
name, inside the parentheses. You can add
as many parameters as you want, just
separate them with a comma.
Method Parameters
public class MyClass {
  static void myMethod(String fname) {
    System.out.println(fname + “Jenner");
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    myMethod(“Kylie");
    myMethod(“Kourtney");
    myMethod(“Kendall");
  }
}
Return Values
• The void keyword, used in the examples
above, indicates that the method should
not return a value.
• If you want the method to return a value,
you can use a primitive data type (such
as int, char, etc.) instead of void.
Return Values
public class MyClass {
  static int myMethod(int x) {
    return 5 + x;
  }

  public static void main(String[]
args) {
    System.out.println(myMethod(3));
  }
}
Return Values
public class MyClass {
  static int myMethod(int x, int y) {
    return x + y;
  }

  public static void main(String[]
args) {
    System.out.println(myMethod(5, 3));
  }
}
Return Values
public class MyClass {
  static int myMethod(int x, int y) {
    return x + y;
  }

  public static void main(String[]
args) {
    int z = myMethod(5, 3);
    System.out.println(z);
  }
}
A Method with if...else
public class MyClass {
  static void checkNum(int num) {
    if (num % 2==0) {
      System.out.println(“The number is
even!"); } 
else {
      System.out.println(“The number is
odd!"); }
} 

  public static void main(String[] args) { 
    checkNum(20);  } }

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