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ECE131 Unit1 Part2

Mesh analysis provides a procedure for analyzing circuits using mesh currents as variables. It is convenient and reduces the number of equations that must be solved simultaneously compared to using element currents. Mesh analysis can only be applied to planar circuits that can be drawn in a plane without branches crossing. The superposition principle states that the output of a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the outputs due to each independent source acting alone.

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35 views

ECE131 Unit1 Part2

Mesh analysis provides a procedure for analyzing circuits using mesh currents as variables. It is convenient and reduces the number of equations that must be solved simultaneously compared to using element currents. Mesh analysis can only be applied to planar circuits that can be drawn in a plane without branches crossing. The superposition principle states that the output of a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the outputs due to each independent source acting alone.

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Shivanshu Pandey
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MESH ANALYSIS

• Mesh analysis provides another general procedure for analyzing circuits,


using mesh currents as the circuit variables.
• Using mesh currents instead of element currents as circuit variables is
convenient and reduces the number of equations that must be solved
simultaneously.
• LOOP” loop is a closed path with no node passed more than once.
• MESH: A mesh is a loop that does not contain any other loop within it.
Basic Difference Between Nodal and Mesh Analysis
• Nodal analysis applies KCL to find unknown voltages in a given circuit, while
mesh analysis applies KVL to find unknown currents.
• Mesh analysis is not quite as general as nodal analysis because it is only
applicable to a circuit that is planar.
• PLANAR CIRCUIT: A planar circuit is one that can be drawn in a plane with
no branches crossing one another; otherwise it is nonplanar.
• NOTE: A circuit may have crossing branches and still be planar if it can be
redrawn such that it has no crossing branches.
Examples of Non-Planar Circuits
Examples of Planar Circuits

NOTE: A mesh is a loop which does not contain any other loops within it.

Mesh Analysis can be applied to meshes only inside the circuit, Not to LOOP.
Note: The direction of the mesh current is arbitrary (clockwise or counterclockwise) and does not affect
the validity of the solution.
Note: The shortcut way will not apply if one mesh current is assumed clockwise and the other assumed
counterclockwise, although this is permissible
• Although path abcdefa is a loop and not a mesh, KVL still holds.
• This is the reason for loosely using the terms loop analysis and mesh analysis
to mean the same thing.
How to Solve Simultaneous Equations
EXAMPLE-2
SUPERMESH: A supermesh results when two meshes have a (dependent or
independent) current source in common.
Practice Problem with Voltage Sources
Practice Problem with Voltage and Current Sources
SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
• If a circuit has two or more independent sources, one way to determine the
value of a specific variable (voltage or current) is to use nodal or mesh
analysis.
• Another way is to determine the contribution of each independent source
to the variable and then add them up. The latter approach is known as the
superposition.
• The idea of superposition rests on the linearity property.
STATEMENT
“The superposition principle states that the voltage across
(or current through) an element in a linear circuit is the
algebraic sum of the voltages across (or currents through)
that element due to each independent source acting
alone”.

NOTE: Superposition is not limited to circuit analysis but is applicable in many fields where cause
and effect bear a linear relationship to one another.
• The principle of superposition helps us to analyze a linear circuit with more than one independent source
by calculating the contribution of each independent source separately.
• However, to apply the superposition principle, we must keep two things in mind:

• 1. We consider one independent source at a time while all other independent sources are turned off. This
implies that we replace every voltage source by 0 V (or a short circuit), and every current source by 0 A (or
an open circuit). This way we obtain a simpler and more manageable circuit.

• 2. Dependent sources are left intact because they are controlled by circuit variables.
Procedure to Apply Superposition Principle/Theorem
• 1. Turn off all independent sources except one source.

• 2. Find the output (voltage or current) due to that active source using any techniques such as Ohm’s
Law, KCL, KVL, Nodal/Mesh Analysis etc.

• 3. Repeat step 1 for each of the other independent sources.

• 4. Find the total contribution by adding algebraically all the contributions due to the independent
sources.
Major disadvantage of Superposition Theorem
1. It may very likely involve more work. If the circuit has three independent sources, we
may have to analyze three simpler circuits each providing the contribution due to the
respective individual source.
2. Superposition theorem does help to reduce a complex circuit to simpler circuits through replacement of voltage sources by
short circuits and of current sources by open circuits.
3. Keep in mind that superposition is based on linearity. For this reason, it is not applicable to the effect on power due to
each source, because the power absorbed by a resistor depends on the square of the voltage or current.
4. If the power value is needed, the current through (or voltage across) the element must be calculated first using
superposition.
Numerical Problem
Thevenin’s Theorem
• Thevenin’s theorem states that a linear two-terminal
circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting
of a voltage source VTh in series with a resistor RTh,
where VTh is the open-circuit voltage at the terminals
and RTh is the input or equivalent resistance at the
terminals when the independent sources are turned off.

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