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Lecture No. 2 Classification of Field Crops

[1] Field crops can be classified in several ways, including botanical, economic use, life duration, growth, special purpose, and biochemical classifications. [2] Botanical classification is based on plant structure and morphology. Economic or agronomic classification groups crops by their end use. Life duration classification separates crops into annuals, biennials, and perennials. [3] Special purpose classification includes groups like green manure, cover, catch, and silage crops. Biochemical classification distinguishes C3 and C4 plants based on their photosynthetic pathways. Field crops are also classified by growing season as winter or summer crops in Egypt.

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332 views25 pages

Lecture No. 2 Classification of Field Crops

[1] Field crops can be classified in several ways, including botanical, economic use, life duration, growth, special purpose, and biochemical classifications. [2] Botanical classification is based on plant structure and morphology. Economic or agronomic classification groups crops by their end use. Life duration classification separates crops into annuals, biennials, and perennials. [3] Special purpose classification includes groups like green manure, cover, catch, and silage crops. Biochemical classification distinguishes C3 and C4 plants based on their photosynthetic pathways. Field crops are also classified by growing season as winter or summer crops in Egypt.

Uploaded by

mahmoud el gohary
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cairo University Agronomy Dept.

.Fac. of Agriculture International Agric

PRINCIPLES
OF
FIELD CROP
PRODUCTION

Prof. Dr : Nabil Ali Khalil


Lecture NO : (2)

Classification of field crops


 
Crops are classified according to different points :

1.Botanical classification .
2.Economical use classification ( Agronomic
classification )
. 3.Life duration or life spon classification
classification according to growth ..4
5.special – purpose classification .
6.Biochemical classification

Botanical classification

It is based up on similarity of plant parts


-: Field crops
division Spermatosperm reproduction by seeds
s
ovules enclosed
sub division Angiosperms
in ovary wall

Class seeds have one Class seeds have


Monocotyledon cotyledon Dicotyledons two cotyledon
s
Family Genera

Varieties Sup - Species


species
Grass family is called poaceae
Legumes family is called fabaceae
Other families
******************** **************

Malvaceae ( Cotton )
Fiber crops
Linaceae ( Flax )
 
Chenopodiaceae (Sugar beet )
Sugar crops
Poaceae ( Sugar can)
Poaceae ( Wheat )
Poaceae ( Rice ) Cereal crops
Poaceae ( Corn )
 
Fabaceae (Faba bean) Legume crops
 
Compositae ( sun flower )
Oil crops
Pedeliaceae ( Sesame )
 
Fabaceae (Egyption clover) Forage crops
Binomial system of nomenclature : -
**********************************
In the botanical classification each plant
species is given a binomial name . It was
formed by the botanist ( Carl Linneaus ) in
1753 .
According to this system each plant has two
names , The genus and species .
.let us go to name corn or maize
Zea mays L.
 
Genus species Lenneaus
(Capital letter ) ( Small L. )
 
G.R . : we write the scientific name inlatin language .
because it is not readable or spoken lang. so it can not
. be changed
Agronomic classification (Economical use)

Under this kind of classification , field


crops are classified according to use
rather than to similarity of parts . On
this principle the following
: classification is often found
Cereal or grain crops :
Grain means the fruit of cereals . Cereal may be
difined as any grass grown for its edible grain . It
refers to the plant as a whole or to the grain itself .
EX : wheat , rice , maize , barley and sorghum .

Seed Legumes :
Legume refers to the pod of the leguminous plant ,
which consists of one carpel
EX: field beans , lupine, lentils , chick peas and
. fenugreek
Forage crops :
Forage means vegetable matter , fresh or dry
utilized to feed animals .
EX: Berseem clover , alfalfa and millets .
Fiber crops :
They are grown for their fiber frome seeds like
cotton or frome stem like flax . This group are
. used in making textiles , ropes and twine
Oil crops :
They are grown to extract oil from its seeds like
soybeans , peanuts , flax , sesame, sunflower ,
safflower , castor bean , cotton and corn .
Sugar crops :
They are grown to extract sugar from its stems
like sugar cane or from its roots like sugar beet .
Stimulants crops :
EX: Coffee , tobacco and tea .
Pigment crops :
. Safflower and Henna
Special purpose
classifation

Green manuring crops : .1


Those crops which are grown to be blowed or
disked into the soil to increase its fertility .
Legumes are more desirable than cereals and
they add nitrogen to the soil .
. EX: Lupin , soybean and clover
Cover crops : .2
These crops are seeded to cover or protect the
soil from erosion . The crop then
serve as a cover crop and as agreen - manuring
crop .
EX: Clover, lupin and vetches .
 
3.Catch or Emergency crop :
Cotton is planted in Feb . and remains 10 months
so we can not grow a crop in two months . for that
reason we plant Berseem before cotton to take
. one cut only
Silage crops : .4
We can preserve some crops in a certain
conditions by partial fermentation in a tight
receptacle .
.EX: Corn, and clover
Life duration
classification

Field crops are grouped on the basis of


length and life duration on the field to :
 
    a)   Annual :
Completes its growth and mature in one year or
. season such as ( wheat , corn , barley etc.. )
b)   Biennials :                               
These crops persist for two seasons such as
sugar beet , it builds reserves in the first year
but do not give flowers or seeds until the
second year .
 
   c)    Perennials :
They are plants that persist for more than two
. years such as alfalfa and sugar cane crops
Biochemical classification 

We can classify field crops according


to the pathway of CO2 in
photosynthesis process and the end
product in plant after photosynthesis
according to the following table
Character C3 crops C4 crops
Number of carbon atoms 3 4
in the first product

Rate of photosynthesis low high


Sensitivity to increase in sensitive not sensitive
O2
Optimum temperature of Co 25 – 15 45Co – 30
photosynthesis
Crops wheat , Barley , corn,
soybean , clover sorghum ,
sugarcane
Growing season classification

This kind of classification is a local one


because it differs from place to place
According to the environmental condition
under Egypt
crops may be grouped as follows
Winter crops :

It starts germination on the fall , live through the


winter , produces seeds on the following spring it
takes 5 – 7 months from planting to harvesting.
Winter crops in Egypt are Berseem clover, lupine ,
lentils , broad beans , wheat, barley , flax and chick
. peas
Summer crops :

They are sown in spring or early summer


, developed during summer and part of
fall , produce seeds and mature in the
.fall
Planting date of summer crops

Early Mid Late


Feb – March April – June July - August

long maturing short maturing crops as


crops as cotton corn , rice and sorghum
Study questions

Discuss the rules of botanical


classification ?
Give example for binomial system of
nomenclature ?
Mention the groups of Agronomic
classification ?
Classify field crops according to
? special purposes
What is the differences between
Biennials and perennials crops ?
Differentiate between C3 and c4
plants
discuss how the field crops can be
classified according to growing
? season

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