Calamansi (x Citrofortunella microcarpa)

pure "fruit" and Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis

miller) extract as an antibacterial hand
sanitizer against Staphylococcus Aureus

9 – Feynman
Asico, Ava Ramaila, Faith
Tabanera, Jun David, Rebecca
Marco, Joaquin Alonzo, Kirsten
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTIO
N
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The coronavirus, as we all know, is a hazardous virus that can cause a
variety of illnesses in humans. The administration considered a
lockdown to prevent everyone from becoming COVID-19 positive.
People must also buy their necessities; thus they must wash their hands
frequently to protect themselves. People may wipe off hand sanitizer
before its even dried, and some hand sanitizers are ineffective due to low
alcohol concentrations. If people continue to use these products, the
germ on their hands will remain, causing illness. This study provides
people with useful information about their hand sanitizer problems. They
will understand how to use Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) and Aloe Vera
(Aloe barbadensis miller) extract as a hand sanitizer that can cleanse the
bacteria “staph”, Staph bacteria are Gram-positive round-shaped
bacterium, a member of the Firmicutes, and is a usual member of the
microbiota of the body, frequently found on the skin.
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
- The focus of this research is to see if the Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) and
Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) extract is effective against Staphylococcus
aureus.
OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE OF THE
STUDY
 The researchers were able to do the following at the conclusion of this
research:
 - Show that the Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) and Aloe Vera (Aloe
barbadensis miller) extract contains an active component that may be
utilized as a disinfectant to Staphylococcus aureus.
 - Examine Calamansi and Aloe Vera extract's effectiveness as an
antibacterial hand sanitizer for our hands
 - Show that the hand sanitizers the researchers made removes
Staphylococcus aureus..
HYPOTHESIS ( NULL &
ALTERNATE )
- Null Hypothesis (H0): If Calamansi and Aloe Vera
extract have no antibacterial property and could not
eliminate at least 60-95% standard bacterial
property, then Calamansi extract can’t be helpful as
a hand sanitizer
- Alternative Hypothesis (H1): If Calamansi and
Aloe Vera extract have antibacterial property and
could eliminate at least 60-95% standard bacterial
property, then Calamansi extract can be helpful as a
hand sanitizer
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
 The goal of this study is to see if calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) and Aloe

Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) extract can be used to disinfect

Staphylococcus aureus. The researchers seek to see if Calamansi (Citrus

microcarpa) and Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) extract can be used

as an antibacterial hand sanitizer. In the case of a pandemic, this study

also aimed to provide individuals with an effective hand sanitizer.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The main purpose of this

research is to see if calamansi
and aloe vera combined can
disinfect Staphylococcus aureus
CHAPTER 2:
REVIEW OF
RELATED
LITERATURE
RELATED LITERATURE
 Calamondin or Calamansi, (Scientific name: Citrofornella macrocarpa), belong to the
fruit family rutaceae. The calamansi is a small round lime that is high in Vitamin C.
Calamansi is one of the tiniest and cheapest fruit that you will see in the market. It is a
small fruit but it does not reflect the many benefits it can give your body. This fruit helps
in enhancing beauty, helps promote your immune system and help you lose weight
 Aloe vera, sometimes described as a “wonder plant,” is a short-stemmed shrub. Aloe is
a genus that contains more than 500 species of flowering succulent plants. Many Aloes
occur naturally in North Africa. The leaves of Aloe vera are succulent, erect, and form a
dense rosette. Many uses are made of the gel obtained from the plant’s leaves. Aloe vera
has been the subject of much scientific study over the last few years, regarding several
claimed therapeutic properties. In this article, we will look at some of these claims and
investigate the research behind them.
Source;
https://sectionthejgroup3blog.wordpress.com/2017/03/10/chapter-2-review-of-related-liter
ature-by-al-tahir-kumpa/
https://graduateway.com/review-of-related-literature-calamondin-or-clamansi/
RELATED STUDIES
 Calamondin is a shrub or small tree growing to 3–6 meters. The plant is characterized by wing-like appendages
on the leaf stalks and white or purplish flowers. The fruit of the calamondin resembles a small, round lime,
usually 25-35 mm in diameter, but sometimes up to 45 mm. The center pulp and juice is the orange color of a
tangerine with a very thin orange peel when ripe. Each fruit contains 8 to 12 seeds. The extract may be found in
skin lotions, such as body lotions or cold creams, or added to shampoos and conditioners. Many women in the
Philippines find the extract of calamansi an important element of staying youthful looking and growing long,
shiny hair that is both strong and glossy. In addition to that, soaps containing calamansi extracts may also
feature fruit extracts with built-in alpha hydroxy acids. The combination of calamansi and other fruit acids are
believed to help the skin shed dead skin cells and reveal a smoother, rosier and less wrinkled surface. Soaps
made with calamansi may moisturize and help the skin looks young.
 Aloe vera is gel from the leaves of aloe plants. People have used it for thousands of years for healing and
softening the skin. Aloe has also long been a folk treatment for many maladies, including constipation and skin
disorders The succulent has a long history of being used for medicinal purposes, dating back to ancient Egypt.
The plant is native to North Africa, Southern Europe, and the Canary Islands. Today, aloe vera is grown in
tropical climates worldwide. From relieving heartburn to potentially slowing the spread of breast cancer,
researchers are just beginning to unlock the benefits of this universal plant and its many byproducts.
FOREIGN AND LOCAL
LITERATURE
 Calamansi is ubiquitous in traditional Filipino cuisine. It is naturally
very sour, and is used in various condiments, beverages, dishes,
marinades, and preserves. In Malaysia, they use calamansi as a
dishwashing agent and in Indonesia, they use it as soap.
JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY
 This study is being conducted because we, researchers want to know if
calamansi and aloe vera combined can be used to clean hands and
what type of bacterias it can clean. We also want to know if it is
effective enough to be used.
CHAPTER 3:
MATERIALS
AND
METHODOLOG
Y
MATERIALS
 coconut oil, calamansi, glycerine, aloe vera, ethyl alcohol, plastic
container
PROCEDURE
 In this chapter, the group will be making a hand sanitizer out of materials that can be found in
homes and that are cheap to buy. The group found out that citrus fruits are cheap and easy to
buy especially when it is in season. Citrus fruits also have a high quantity of vitamin
C that make the skin healthy and prevent it from drying that’s why the researches chose
this as their primary ingredient for their product–home-made citrus hand sanitizer. Alcohols
that have 70%-up solution are mostly found on homes and are cheap in the market. The
researchers chose this ingredient because of its cleaning properties when it comes to
germs and bacteria that can cause sickness in people. The group did was, first, researched
the materials needed and the procedures on making a hand sanitizer. Second, the group
bought the materials needed to be able to make a hand sanitizer. The group will be
making a hand sanitizer out of the following materials: ½ cup of Aloe Vera gel, 2
teaspoons of glycerine, 1 cup of Ethyl alcohol, zest of a 1 whole calamansi and its
extract. The researchers did was, first, scrape the gel inside the aloe vera leaves. After
scraping the gel, the group put it aplastic container and added 1 cup of ethyl alcohol and 2
teaspoons of glycerine. Next, grate the orange to get the zest and add it to the mixture, then,
18mix till well blended. Lastly, the group recycled a small bottle that was used as a container
for the mixture.
EQUIPMENT AND UTENSILS
 Spoon and Container.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
 By collecting the relevant supplies and equipment, we can collect the calamansi
extract and see if it is effective against bacteria. Calamansi, and Aloe vera are the
important ingredients for this experiment. Using the needed equipment we can extract
the calamansi and aloe vera liquid and add distilled water. The calamansi extract will
help us know if it’s effective against bacterias.

 The experiment was conducted out by combining the ingredients to make a hand
sanitizer to test if calamansi and aloe vera combined can disinfect Staphylococcus
aureus bacteria.
CHAPTER 4:
THE DATA,
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
DATA

This step includes the data that we got from

the experiment that the researchers
conducted. The researchers choose the table
format so that the readers of the study will
easily understand about the data that the
researchers interpreted.
DATA PART 2
RESULTS
 In the 1st table/setup physically it has a light green color and it is not sticky. You can see
the aloe vera particles and some citrus from the calamansi extracts. Based on the scent,
alcohol is very evident with the hint of calamansi.
 In the 2nd table/setup physically it has more foam than the previous sample and bubbles are
seen more. There are still aloe vera particles based on the scent you can smell more coconut oil
scent than alcohol
 In the 3rd table/setup physically it has the most foam amongst the three. As you observe its
physical appearance, it looks like a smoothie. Green is very evident. Aloe vera particles are
also visible and its scent are a mix of alcohol and coconut oil
 The 4th and 5th table/setup have both watery texture and runny visocity this is due to the fact
they contain more ingredients than the other three and this also caused both their fragrance and
color
DISCUSSIONS
 Based on the data we gathered by experiment the 3rd table/setup is by
far the best in terms of fragrance texture and viscosity because it still
smells like calamansi but it has the components same of the alcohol, it
feels good on the hands and it isn’t too uncomfortable to put around
your hands
SOP
 The amount of calamansi extract aloe vera extract and alcohol needed
to prevent staphylococcus aureus is 1½ cup of calamansi, 1/3+1/4+1/4
cup of aloe vera and ½ of alcohol
 Calamansi extract tones and helps whiten skin. It also eliminates
bacteria if we mix it with Aloe Vera which has anti-aging properties
we can moisturizes the skin and with the addition of alcohol we can
kill staphylococcus aureus
CHAPTER 5:
CONCLUSION
AND
RECOMMENDA
TIONS
SUMMARY
 This chapter includes the data that we got from the experiment that the
researchers conducted. The researchers choose the table format so that the
readers of the study will easily understand about the data that the
researchers interpreted and in general, this experimental research has gone
through a lot of processing. We figured out the aloe vera antibacterial hand
sanitizer is cheaper than shop-bought sanitizers and throughout the process,
they have proved that it is cheaper than the other hand sanitizers by 50%.
Usually, hand sanitizers cost P300 above and it may vary, be it by brand or
by quality. The ingredients they used are more affordable and can be purchased
almost everywhere. The second hypothesis is calamansi and aloe vera can be
mixed together. The researchers have successfully made their hand sanitizer
by just mixing every ingredient and there was no misconception along the
way. Basically, all ingredients can be mixed together. In addition, they have
stated their supposed problems; how cheap will it be compared to other
hand sanitizers.
CONCLUSION
 therefore, the researchers conclude that their study has successfully worked. Prior to
their experiment 3, the researchers said that it was moisturizing and soothing because of
the coconut oil they have used. While the alcohol was also a big help in cleaning as if it
was a store-bought antibacterial hand sanitizer. Also, alcohol was a big help in
providing a pleasant smell. The researchers learned that the ingredients can be mixed
together and make a nice product out of it, but it didn't just pop-up out of nowhere,
the researchers had to conduct 3 experiments with the same ingredients, but with
different measurements. One being the untreated variable, and the other
experiments having different measurements. Though the 2nd experiment did have a
soothing feeling, it was not the best outcome because the 3rd experiment is the
best. The measures were great and it didn't have the strong scent, and the oily texture
like the others have.It was concluded that the homemade aloe vera hand sanitizer is
healthier for the skin than most store bought products, because of the natural ingredients
used in making the hand sanitizer. The Aloe Vera hand sanitizer used natural 26
ingredients like Aloe Vera gel and calamansi citrus extract rather than using
artificial ingredients to make the hand sanitizer
RECOMMENDATIONS
 The researchers recommend to use the aloe vera hand sanitizer
gel than other artificial hand sanitizers. Since the aloe vera hand
sanitizer gel is composed of ingredients that have nutrients and
benefits in them that is better rather than the other ingredients used in
making the other artificial hand sanitizer.
 The researchers also recommend usingfood coloring for a better
physical appearance, because most people would not tend to use
gross looking products.
 The researchers recommend using less coconut oil, more aloe vera gel
and ethanol alcohol, and the same amount of glycerine and calamansi,
fora less oily and less sticky product.
APPENDICES
 The authors in the references used. Jill Tilton, Lynna May Bocala,
Andrew P. Golin, BSc, Dexter Choi BHSc, and Aziz Ghahary PhDb
 APPENDICES &
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 The authors in the references used. Jill Tilton, Lynna May Bocala, Andrew P.
Golin, BSc, Dexter Choi BHSc, and Aziz Ghahary PhDb
 Jill Tilton & Lynna May Bocala Effectiveness of Calamansi (Citrofortunella
macrocarpa) Hand Sanitizerwww.scribd.com July 28, 2019
https://www.scribd.com/document/420009632/Effectiveness-of-Calamansi-
Hand-sanitizer Andrew P. Golin, BSc, Dexter Choi, BHSc, and Aziz Ghahary,
PhDb Hand sanitizers: A review of ingredients, mechanisms of action, modes of
delivery, and efficacy against coronaviruses www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov June 18,
2020 April 11, 2022 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7301780/
CURRICULUM VITAE
Joaquin Kenneth U. Marco
Blk 13 Lot 18 Heron St Camella Homes 2, Soldiers hill, Putatan, Muntinlupa City
[email protected]

PERSONAL INFO:
Birthday: July 17, 2006
Birthplace: Bulacan
Age: 15 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Christian
Fathers name: Mark Anthony Marco
Mothers name: Mutya Katrina Marco

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
THIRD YEAR HIGH SCHOOL: Muntinlupa Science High School - S.Y. 2021 – 2022
CURRICULUM VITAE
Jun Pojan F. Tabanera
Blk 7 Lot 17 St. Raymond Homes, Calendola, San Pedro, Laguna
[email protected]

PERSONAL INFO:
Birthday: October 6, 2006
Birthplace: San Pedro, Laguna
Age: 15 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s name: Isagani T. Tabanera, Jr.
Mother’s name: Marites F. Tabanera

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
THIRD YEAR HIGH SCHOOL: Muntinlupa Science High School - S.Y. 2021 – 2022
CURRICULUM VITAE
Faith Brianna D. Ramaila
4920, Arciaga cmpd., Soldiers hills, Putatan, Muntinlupa City
[email protected]

PERSONAL INFO:
Birthday: February 9, 2007
Birthplace: Muntinlupa City
Age: 15 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Mother's Name: Bernadette D. Ramaila
Father's Name: N/A

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
THIRD YEAR HIGH SCHOOL: Muntinlupa Science High School - S.Y. 2021 – 2022
CURRICULUM VITAE
Rebecca Daphne P. David
24 National Road, Putatan, Muntinlupa City
[email protected]

PERSONAL INFO:
Birthday: January 6, 2007
Birthplace: Quezon City
Age: 15 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Mother's Name: Melani Bituin David
Father's Name: Darwin David

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
THIRD YEAR HIGH SCHOOL: Muntinlupa Science High School - S.Y. 2021 – 2022
CURRICULUM VITAE
Ava Charlene N. Asico
Blk 6 Lot 17 St. Camella Ridgeview 1, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
[email protected]

PERSONAL INFO:
Birthday: December 31, 2006
Birthplace: San Pedro Laguna
Age: 15 years old
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father's name: Roberto M. Asico Jr.
Mother's name: Maribel N. Asico

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
THIRD YEAR HIGH SCHOOL: Muntinlupa Science High School - S.Y. 2021 – 2022
CURRICULUM VITAE
Kirsten Chloe Ansay Alonzo
Blk 8 Lt 2 Mahogany street Villa Carolina Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
[email protected]
Personal Information
May 19, 2007
San Pedro, Laguna
14
Filipino
Iglesia Ni Cristo
Tristan M. Alonzo
Edeline M. Ansay
Educational Background
(THIRD YEAR HIGH SCHOOL: Muntinlupa Science High School - S.Y. 2021 – 2022)
THANK YOU FOR
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PRESENTATION
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