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4.6 Linear Approximation With Answers

The document discusses using the tangent line approximation to estimate the value of a function near a given point. It explains that the tangent line at a point (a, f(a)) on a function f(x) can be used to approximate the function's value if the x-value is near x = a, through a process called linear approximation or local linearity. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to write the equation of the tangent line, use it to estimate function values, and determine if the estimate is an overestimation or underestimation based on the concavity of the function. Learning targets are presented for students to self-evaluate their understanding of using tangent lines to approximate functions.

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Navya Gupta
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262 views29 pages

4.6 Linear Approximation With Answers

The document discusses using the tangent line approximation to estimate the value of a function near a given point. It explains that the tangent line at a point (a, f(a)) on a function f(x) can be used to approximate the function's value if the x-value is near x = a, through a process called linear approximation or local linearity. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to write the equation of the tangent line, use it to estimate function values, and determine if the estimate is an overestimation or underestimation based on the concavity of the function. Learning targets are presented for students to self-evaluate their understanding of using tangent lines to approximate functions.

Uploaded by

Navya Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning Targets:

• I can write the tangent line approximation for a function at


a given point (x,y).

• I can use the tangent line approximation to approximate


the value of a function at a specific point x = a.

• I can determine if the linear approximation produces an


over estimation or an underestimation of the actual value
of the function.
How CAN you use the
tangent line at a point
(a,f(a))on f(x) to estimate
the function’s value near
x = a?
How CAN you use the tangent line at a point (a,f(a))on f(x) to
estimate the function’s value near x = a?
Given the parent function and the tangent line to this curve at (1,1) is
answer the following questions:

a. Find

b. Find when on the tangent line .

c. Repeat ‘a’ and ‘b’ but let x = 0.95

d. Make an observation!
How CAN you use the tangent line at a point
to estimate a function’s value?
Given the parent function and the tangent line to this curve at (1,1) is
answer the following questions:

a. Find

b. Find when on the tangent line .

c. Repeat ‘a’ and ‘b’ but let x = 0.95

d. Make an observation!
PUNCH LINE
You CAN use the tangent line to approximate the value of the
function IF the x-value is “near” the point of tangency.

This process is called linear approximation or local linearity.


How do you determine the equation of the tangent line at x = a?

Using the tangent line approximation, we can approximate f(x):


Example 1:

Step 1: Using point slope form of a line, write the equation of the tangent line at x = 1.

Step 2: Re-arrange the tangent line equation and replace y with L(x) to the form L(x) = ...

Step 3: Compute the approximation of f(x) using proper notation:

Key: f(2) ≈ 0 , f(1.5) ≈ 1, f(1.25) ≈ 1.5


Example 1:

Step 1: Using point slope form of a line, write the equation of the tangent line at x = 1.

Step 2: Re-arrange the tangent line equation and replace y with L(x) to the form L(x) = ...

Step 3: Compute the approximation of f(x) using proper notation:

Key: f(2) ≈ 0 , f(1.5) ≈ 1, f(1.25) ≈ 1.5


Example 2: You Try

Step 1: Using point slope form of a line, write the equation of the tangent line at x = 4.

Step 2: Re-arrange the tangent line equation and replace y with L(x) to the form L(x) = ...

Step 3: Compute the approximation of f(x) using proper notation:


Example 2: You Try

Step 1: Using point slope form of a line, write the equation of the tangent line at x = 4.

Step 2: Re-arrange the tangent line equation and replace y with L(x) to the form L(x) = ...

Step 3: Compute the approximation of g(x) using proper notation:


g
By examining the “shape” of the curve over an interval containing the point x = a,
we can determine if the tangent line will lie above or below the curve resulting in
the approximated value being an overestimate or an underestimate of the actual
function value at x = a. We must first discuss concavity.
Using concavity to determine if my approximation greater than or less than the actual function
value at x = a?
Example 3:

Step 1: Using point slope form of a line, write the equation of the tangent line at x = 4.

Step 2: Re-arrange the tangent line equation and replace y with L(x) to the form L(x) = ...

Step 3: Compute the approximation of f(x) using proper notation:


Example 3: Answer
Example 4: Use linear approximation to find the value of f(2.97) given
and the point (3,117).

Step 1: Using point slope form of a line, write the equation of the tangent line at x = 3.

Step 2: Re-arrange the tangent line equation and replace y with L(x) to the form L(x) = ...

Step 3: Compute the approximation of f(x) using proper notation:

Answer: f(2.97)≈L(x)=117 + 114(2.97-3)=113.58


Example 4: Use linear approximation to find the value of f(2.97) given
and the point (3,117).

Answer: f(2.97)≈L(x)=117 + 114(2.97-3)=113.58


Example 4 continued: Use linear approximation to
find the value of f(2.97) given and the point (3,117).
Is your approximation an over or an under estimation of f(2.97)?
Justify your answer.

The approximation is an
underestimation, because
f’’(3)>0 and hence is concave
up around x=3, so the tangent
line lies below f(x) around x=3
Example 4 continued: Use linear approximation to
find the value of f(2.97) given and the point (3,117).
Is your approximation an over or an under estimation of f(2.97)?
Justify your answer.

The approximation is an
underestimation, because
f’’(3)>0 and hence is concave
up around x=3, so the tangent
line lies below f(x) around x=3
Example 5: extra practice

Let’s examine the concavity of the


function on an interval (a, b). Will
the approximation be an under or
an over estimation of f(1.75)?
Example 5: extra practice Answer

Since

of f(1.75).
Learning Targets REFLECTION:
Evaluate yourself on a scale of 1 -4,
4 =yes, I can do that, no problem!
3 = yes, I can do that BUT, I need a tiny bit more practice for confidence boosting.
2= no I can’t do this YET, however I will review the lesson PowerPoint or video from today for reinforcement.
1 = no, I can’t do this YET. I need to ask for additional support and/or attend office hours or Wolf Time.

 I can write the tangent line approximation for a function at a given point (x,y).

 I can use the tangent line approximation to approximate the value of a function at a
specific point x = a.

 I can determine if the linear approximation produces an over estimation or an


underestimation of the actual value of the function.
AP Exam Questions
The AP exam is composed of multiple-choice calculator, and non-calculator
questions as well as free response, calculator and non-calculator questions
To better prepare you for the AP Exam, the following problems have been selected
from prior AP Calculus AB exams as well as outside resources.
Question 1
Question 1

Answer: C
Question 1
Question 2
Question 2
Question 3
Question 3

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