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01 Variables

This document defines and describes variables. It identifies three main types of variables: independent variables, dependent variables, and extraneous (or control) variables. The independent variable is what is manipulated or changed by the researcher to determine its effects. The dependent variable is the outcome measured. Extraneous variables are other factors that could influence the dependent variable but are controlled for. Examples are provided to illustrate these variable types in experimental contexts.

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Diovic Abad Aporado
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42 views16 pages

01 Variables

This document defines and describes variables. It identifies three main types of variables: independent variables, dependent variables, and extraneous (or control) variables. The independent variable is what is manipulated or changed by the researcher to determine its effects. The dependent variable is the outcome measured. Extraneous variables are other factors that could influence the dependent variable but are controlled for. Examples are provided to illustrate these variable types in experimental contexts.

Uploaded by

Diovic Abad Aporado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARIABLES

Objectives
Identify the variables in a
problem

Distinguish variables depending


on their uses
Meaning of Variable
It is a characteristics or feature that
varies, or changes within a study.

It refers to the measurable


characteristics, qualities, traits, or
attributes of a particular individual,
object, or situation being studied.
Meaning of Variable
Defined as a quantity susceptible of
fluctuation or change in value or
magnitude under different conditions
(Paler-Calmorin and Calmorin, 2015)

A logical set of attributes (Babbie, 2009)


Types of Variable

 Independent variable
 Dependent variable
 Extraneous variable
Independent variable
It is a variable which can be
manipulated or changed.
It is what the researcher studies
to see its relationship or effects.
Presumed or possible cause
Example
Situation: An investigator wants to determine the
effects of chicken dung upon the yield of carrots
planted in pots. He plants carrots in five pots with
different treatments such as 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, and
7% of chicken dung as organic fertilizer.

Independent variable: Different percentage per


treatment of chicken dung as organic fertilizer
Example
Setup Amount of Amount of Dissolving
Sugar (g) Water (mL) Time (s)
A 10 100 35

B 15 100 46

C 20 100 60

 Independent variable:
Amount of sugar per gram
Dependent variable
The outcome variable and the variable for
which we calculate statistics
The variable which changes on account of
independent variable
It changes when the independent variable
varies
Presumed results (effects)
Example
Situation: An investigator wants to determine the
effects of chicken dung upon the yield of carrots
planted in pots. He plants carrots in five pots with
different treatments such as 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, and
7% of chicken dung as organic fertilizer.

Dependent variable: Yield of carrots planted in pots


Example
Setup Amount of Amount of Dissolving
Sugar (g) Water (mL) Time (s)
A 10 100 35

B 15 100 46

C 20 100 60

 Independent variable:
Dissolving time per second
Extraneous variable
Control variable

Undesired variables that influences the relationship


between the variable’s experimenter is examining

A variable that is controlled by the investigator in


which the effects can be neutralized by eliminating or
removing the variable.
Example
Situation: An investigator wants to determine the
effects of chicken dung upon the yield of carrots
planted in pots. He plants carrots in five pots with
different treatments such as 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, and
7% of chicken dung as organic fertilizer.

Control variable: Size of pots, amount and type of


soil, amount of water, amount of sunlight
Example
Setup Amount of Amount of Dissolving
Sugar (g) Water (mL) Time (s)
A 10 100 35

B 15 100 46

C 20 100 60

 Independent variable:
Amount of water, Temperature of water
Exercises
Amount of
Amount of Dissolving
Setup Water
Sugar (g) Time (s)
(mL)
A 5 10 60
B 4 10 30
C 3 10 15
D 2 10 8
Dissolving Time (s)

Amount Amount
Beaker Trial
of of Rock Temperature
(250
Water Salt of Water
mL)
(mL) (tsp)
1 2 3

A 25 Half Hot 25 23 24
B 25 Half Warm 58 59 57
C 25 Half Cold 85 84 83

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