AC DC Power Supply

AC-DC POWER
SUPPLY
AC-DC POWER SUPPLY
• A power supply is the heart of all
electronics equipment. It
converts AC input power line to
DC output voltage. It is the one
that supplies the desired voltage
or current in a circuit. Without it,
all of the electronic equipment
AC-DC Power Supply
will not function properly or will
be a dead set.
TYPES OF AC-DC POWER SUPPLY
A basic power supply consists
of three basic stages: the AC
Transformer
Stage
Rectifier
Stage
Filter
Stage DC
power transformer stage, Outp

Outp
rectifier stage, and filter

stage. An additional stage is
sometimes added if there is a
need for regulation. This
stage is called regulator.
Block Diagram of AC-DC Power
Supply
HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT
One rectifier diode D1

and one load resistor (RL)
are needed to conduct one
alteration in every cycle
of small AC input.
Schematic Diagram of A
Half-Wave Rectifier
FULL-WAVE CENTER-TAPPED RECTIFIER CIRCUIT
Using this type of circuit,

you’ll need a center-
tapped transformer, two
rectifier diodes and a load
resistor (RL). Each of the
diode supplies one-half
the DC load current. Schematic Diagram of A Full-Wave
Center Tapped Rectifier circuit
FULL-WAVE BRIDGE TYPE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT
The previous circuit illustration uses four rectifier diodes D1 D2

D3 D4 and a load resistor (RL). Bridge circuit makes it possible
to remove the center-tapped transformer. Among the types of
power supply this circuit can deliver a higher current range to
the load because all of cycles are consumed by the four diodes.
The operation of this rectifier circuit is different from the half-
wave and full-wave center tapped. The conduction of AC voltage
starts from Line-A going to the Line-B.
Schematic Diagram of A Full-Wave Power Supply
FIRST CONDUCTION
The negative half-cycle will
be going to conduct to the
cathode of diode D1, thru
the RL and going to
conduct to the cathode of
diode D4 then Line-B. In
this case D1 and D4 are
First Conduction in a Full Wave
conducting. Power Supply
SECOND CONDUCTION
The positive half-cycle will

be going to conduct to the
anode of diode D2, thru the
RL and going to conduct to
the anode of diode D3 then
Line-B. In this case D2 and
D3 are conducting. Second Conduction in a Full Wave
Power Supply
Characteristics of a Full Bridge Type Power Supply
a. Expensive
b. Needs a lower value of capacitance
c. Needs four rectifier diodes
FILTER STAGE
Insufficient filtering
The filtering stage is one of the

stages of the power supply which
filters the pulsating DC. Output
of rectifier stage and make it a (+)
pure DC voltages. The main (-)
function of the filter circuit is to

increase the DC output and to Filter Stage
smoothen the pulsating DC.

BASIC METHODS
OF FILTERING
SIMPLE CAPACITOR IN PARALLEL
You can parallel as many
electrolytic capacitors as you
want. This will increase the
amount of capacitance causing
good filtering effects to DC
output. This is used for high
current applications. The only

disadvantage is that it will Filter Circuit
occupy a bigger space.
FILTER WITH RC CIRCUIT
This circuit is actually

a resistor in series with
the positive line
together with 2 bypass
capacitor C1 & C2. It is
good in lowering the Filter with RC Circuit
DC voltage output.
FILTER WITH INDUCTOR
This circuit has a good filtering
effect to the pulsating DC
output of the rectifier. It uses
minimal value of capacitance
and it is good in low current and
high current application. The
only disadvantage is that the
inductor in series with the
positive line takes up big space
in mounting it in the PC.
Filter with Inductor
EXTERNAL PARTS
OF AC-DC POWER
SUPPLY
THE EXTERNAL PARTS OF AN AC-DC
POWER SUPPLY ARE AS FOLLOWS:
•Front Panel. It
contains the power
switch, voltage
selector switch,
and the power
indicator. Front Panel
•Rear Panel. It
contains the fuse
and the AC line
cord.
Rear Panel
INTERNAL PARTS
OF AC-DC POWER
SUPPLY
THE INTERNAL PARTS OF THE AC-DC
POWER SUPPLY ARE SHOWN IN THE
FIGURE BELOW.
Internal Parts of an AC-DC Power Supply

PARTS OF AC-DC
POWER SUPPLY
Component Description
s
Alligator A special type of connector used to connect the power supply
Clip
to the electronic gadget.
Capacitor A capacitor acts as the filter. The one that removes ripples
from the output of the rectifier circuit. The type of capacitor
used in this purpose is the electrolytic capacitor.
Case and It serves as the housing of an AC-DC power supply.

Cover
Diode A device which only allows current to flow in only one
direction.
Fuse A protective device used to prevent the circuit from short
circuit
or damage
LED A transducer which converts electrical energy to light.
Light Emittin
g Diode
Line cord A type of cord used to connect the unit to the voltage source.
On-Off Used to switch on and off the circuit.

switch
Printed PCB – a conductive pattern formed on one or both sides of an
Circuit
Board insulating base by etching, plating or stamping.
Resistor A resistor restricts the flow of current (eg. to limit the current
passing through an LED). A resistor is used with a capacitor in
a timing circuit.
Some publications still use the old resistor symbol.
Rotary A switch that is operated by a rotating shaft.

Switch
Transformer A component that consist of two or more coils which are
coupled together by magnetic induction.

SELF-CHECK 1.1
AC-DC POWER SUPPLY
GENERAL DIRECTION: Write all your

answers in separate sheets of paper. Do
not write anything in this module.
DIRECTION: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS BELOW.
1. How many stages do basic power supplies

have?
2. What component do we need to use in a
simple basic filtering stage?
3. Why is a bridge type rectifier the most
expensive type rectifier stage?
4. What stage of the power supply step-down the
high AC voltage to lower AC voltage?
5. What stage of the power supply converts small
AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage?
6. How many basic methods of filtering do the
filtering stages have?
7. How many types of rectifier circuits do
basic power supplies have?
8. What stage of the power supply smoothens
the pulsating DC into pure DC output
voltages?
9. How many diodes full-wave center tapped
power supplies have?
10. Why is a half-wave rectifier the cheapest
type rectifier stage?

AC DC Power Supply

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AC-DC POWER

power transformer stage, Outp

rectifier stage, and filter

One rectifier diode D1

Using this type of circuit,

The previous circuit illustration uses four rectifier diodes D1 D2

The positive half-cycle will

The filtering stage is one of the

pure DC voltages. The main (-)

function of the filter circuit is to

smoothen the pulsating DC.

This circuit is actually

Internal Parts of an AC-DC Power Supply

from the output of the rectifier circuit. The type of capacitor

used in this purpose is the electrolytic capacitor.

Case and It serves as the housing of an AC-DC power supply.

Fuse A protective device used to prevent the circuit from short

On-Off Used to switch on and off the circuit.

passing through an LED). A resistor is used with a capacitor in

Some publications still use the old resistor symbol.

Rotary A switch that is operated by a rotating shaft.

coupled together by magnetic induction.

GENERAL DIRECTION: Write all your

1. How many stages do basic power supplies

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