Scribd
Upload
200 views74 pages

Physci Q1 M3

H2O has polar bonds and an asymmetrical bent geometry, so it is a polar molecule. b. CCl4 nonpolar

Uploaded by

Julie Anne Portal - Odasco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
200 views74 pages

Physci Q1 M3

H2O has polar bonds and an asymmetrical bent geometry, so it is a polar molecule. b. CCl4 nonpolar

Uploaded by

Julie Anne Portal - Odasco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 74

POLARITY OF

MOLECULES
Physical Science
PREPARED BY:
MRS. JULIE ANNE P. ODASCO
Prayer
Checking of
Attendance
RECOGNIZE ME!
Tell whether the compound below is an ionic compound (IC) or covalent compound (CC) based on the
type of chemical bond present.

1. NaCl 1. IC
2. N2O 2. CC
3. CO2 3. CC
4. PCl5 4. CC
5. CaCl2 5. IC
Chemical bonds are formed when atoms lose, accept or share
electrons.
OBJECTIVES:
KNOWLEDGE:
1. Define polarity
2. Differentiate polar and nonpolar bonds
3. Determine the polarity of chemical bonds between atoms using the
concept of electronegativity
WATER IS POLAR

OIL IS NONPOLAR
In Geography
The northern
and southern
ends of the axis
of rotation.
WHAT IS POLARITY?
In chemical bonding, polarity
is the distribution of
electrical charge over the
atoms joined by the bond.
MOLECULES ARE NEUTRAL
# Protons = # Electrons
MYSTERY MOLECULE # 1 MYSTERY MOLECULE # 2

NONPOLAR MOLECULE POLAR MOLECULE


H 2O

Oxygen Hydrogen
H 2O
H 2O
The polarity of molecules is determined
by the two factors:
1. The polarity of bonds based on the
electronegativity difference of the atoms involved and

2. The geometrical shape of the molecules which can


be predicted via valence shell electron pair repulsion
(VSEPR) theory.
What is electronegativity?

Electronegativity (EN) measures the


relative tendency of an atom to attract
electrons to itself when chemically
combined with other atom.
High EN = more electrons to attract
H 2O
Which
Whichelement
group has
hasthe
thelowest
highest
electronegativity?
These values will be used to get the
absolute electronegativity differences
(ΔEN) which will help us in predicting
what type of chemical bond (ionic, polar
covalent or nonpolar covalent) that would
exist between them.
Type of Bond based on
Electronegativity Difference (ΔEN)
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
TYPE OF BOND DIFFERENCE
(ΔEN)
IONIC ≥ 1.7 Transfer of
Electron
POLAR COVALENT 0.5 to 1.6 Unequal sharing
of electrons
NONPOLAR ≤ 0.4 Equal sharing of
COVALENT electrons
Example No. 1
Predict the type of bond present between Na and
Cl
STEP 1: Look for the electronegativity values of the given elements

ENNa = 0.9
ENCl = 3.0
STEP 2: Get the absolute electronegativity difference

(ΔEN) = 0.9 – 3.0 = │-2.1│= 2.1 IONIC


BOND
METAL NONMETAL

IONIC BOND
Example No. 2
Predict the type of bond present between H and
Cl
STEP 1: Look for the electronegativity values of the given elements

ENH = 2.1
ENCl = 3.0
STEP 2: Get the absolute electronegativity difference
POLAR
(ΔEN) = 2.1 – 3.0 = │-0.9│= 0.9
COVALENT
BOND
POLAR COVALENT BOND

• A polar covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally by two atoms in a
compound. The bonded pair of atoms form an electric dipole represented by .
• The atom with the higher EN value becomes the partial negative pole (symbolized as ẟ-)
while the atom with the lower EN value becomes the partially positive (symbolized as
ẟ+) pole .
Example No. 3
Predict the type of bond present between Cl and
Cl
STEP 1: Look for the electronegativity values of the given elements

ENCl = 3.0
ENCl = 3.0
STEP 2: Get the absolute electronegativity difference

(ΔEN) = 3.0 – 3.0 = 0 NONPOLAR COVALENT


BOND
NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND

• nonpolar covalent bond develops if both atoms equally share a pair of electrons
between them
• Happens when both atoms are the same or have very similar electronegativity
COMMON EXAMPLES
POLAR NONPOLAR
WATER OXYGEN
ALCOHOLS CARBON DIOXIDE
SUGARS GASOLINE
OZONE OILS
Let’s Apply!
Complete the table and determine each bond:

0.9 3.0 2.1 ionic


0.9 3.0 2.1 ionic

3.0 2.1 0.9 polar covalent

2.5 2.1 0.4 nonpolar covalent

2.1 2.1 0 nonpolar covalent

2.1 3.5 1.4 polar covalent


Generalization
1. In your own words, differentiate polar and
nonpolar covalent bond.

2. What is electronegativity and how can it be


used in in determining the polarity of
molecules?
Evaluation
1. ____ refers to the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract
shared electrons.
a. Electron affinity
b. Electronegativity
c. Ionization energy
d. Electromotive force
Evaluation
2. Which of the following molecule has nonpolar
bond/s?
a. NaCl
b. HCl
c. CO2
d. CH4
Evaluation
3. What is the electronegativity difference of C - O?
a. 0
b. 0.5
c. 1.0
d. 1.5
Evaluation
4. Supposedly a hypothetical molecule has an
electronegativity difference of 0.5, what is the type of
chemical bond present?
a. Ionic
b. Hydrogen
c. Polar covalent
d. Nonpolar covalent
Evaluation
5. The following molecules have polar covalent
bonds EXCEPT?
a. NH3
b. CS2
c. BCl3
d. HBr
Come up with a creative presentation about the things you learned on
polarity of bonds. You can write a poem, record an interactive video
presentation, role play, etc. according to your interest.
 
Creativity – 25 %
Content – 50 %
Presentation – 25 %
TOTAL – 100%
The polarity of molecules is determined
by the two factors:
1. The polarity of bonds based on the
electronegativity difference of the atoms involved and

2. The geometrical shape of the molecules which can


be predicted via Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
(VSEPR) theory.
Determine the Central Atom in each
molecule:
BCl3 CHCl3
EN of C – 2.5
EN of B – 2.0 EN of H – 2.1
EN of Cl – 3.0 EN – Cl – 3.0
Therefore, B will be the central Because C is less electronegative
atom. than Cl and H is normally a terminal
atom, C must be the central atom.
LEWIS ELECTRON DOT STRUCTURE

• diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of


a molecule
• named after Gilbert Newton Lewis
• Consists of a chemical symbol of an element
surrounded by a number of dots.
• Chemical Symbol represents as the nucleus
• Dots represents as the valence electrons (electrons in the outer
shell)
Example of Lewis Electron Dot for
Bonded atoms:
Example of Lewis Electron Dot for
Bonded atoms:
Lone Pairs

Bond Pair
Procedure for Drawing Simple Lewis
Structures in Molecules:

We have looked at how to determine Lewis structures for simple


molecules. The procedure is as follows:
1. Choose the central atom
2. Draw Lewis symbols of the individual atoms in the molecule.
3. Bring the atoms together in a way that places eight electrons
around each atom (or two electrons for H, hydrogen) wherever
possible.
4. Each pair of shared electrons is a covalent bond which can be
represented by a dash.
1. BCl3
2. CHCl3
BCl3
Bonded Pairs – 3
Lone Pair - 0
CHCl3
Bonded Pairs – 4
Lone Pair - 0
CO2
Bonded Pairs – 2
Lone Pair – 0

Note:
Double bonds are
counted as 1 bonding
pair.
BCl3
Bonded Pairs – 3
Lone Pair - 0

Trigonal Planar
CHCl3
Bonded Pairs – 4
Lone Pair - 0

Tetrahedral
CO2
Bonded Pairs – 2
Lone Pair – 0

Linear
IS THE MOLECULE POLAR
OR
NON-POLAR?
Remember:
1. Determine if each bond is polar or
nonpolar?
•If there are no polar bonds = NON POLAR
•If the molecule contains polar bonds proceed to
the next step.
IS THE MOLECULE POLAR
OR
NON-POLAR?
2. Make a Lewis Structure
IS THE MOLECULE POLAR
OR
NON-POLAR?
3. If the molecule has one central
atom, examine electron groups
 No lone pairs and same bonds in the central
atom = NONPOLAR
If the central atom has at least one polar bond,
and if bonded atoms are not identical it might
be polar (proceed to next step)
IS THE MOLECULE POLAR
OR
NON-POLAR?
4. Determine symmetry
Nonpolar compounds will be
symmetric, meaning all of the sides
around the central atom are identical -
bonded to the same element with no
unshared pairs of electrons.
EXAMPLES
IS THE MOLECULE POLAR
OR
NON-POLAR?
4. Determine symmetry
 Polar molecules are asymmetric,
either containing lone pairs of
electrons on a central atom or having
atoms with different
electronegativities bonded.
EXAMPLES

..
Complete the table:

Bond Polarity Molecular Geometry Polarity of Molecule


a. H2O
b. CCl4
c. SiS2
d. SF6
e. SiF4
Complete the table:

Bond Polarity Molecular Geometry Polarity of Molecule


a. H20 polar bent polar
b. CCl4 polar tetrahedral non-polar
c. SiS2 polar linear non-polar
d. SF6 polar octahedral non-polar
e. SiF4 polar tetrahedral non- polar

You might also like