Islamic University of Gaza

Chapter 4
DC Biasing–BJTs Dr. Talal Skaik
 Voltage Divider Bias
 This is a very stable bias circuit.

The currents and voltages (IC

and VCE) are nearly independent
of any variations in .

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 2 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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 Voltage Divider Bias Analysis

Redrawing the input side of the

network.
DC Circuit

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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 Voltage Divider Bias Analysis

Determining RTH Determining ETH.

R th  R1 || 2 E th V R 2  R 2 V CC
R R1  2
R
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Voltage Divider Bias Analysis

 I B RT H V  I E R E
-E th
IE  B(E 1)I 0
B Inserting the Thévenin equivalent circuit.

IB  E th V BE
RTH  (  E
1)R
V CC  I C (RC 
V CE
RE )

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 6 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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Example 4.8 Find ICQ , VCEQ

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Example 4.10 Repeat example 4.8
with β=50. compare solutions for IC and VCE

β IC(mA) VCE (V)

100 0.84 mA 12.34 V
50 0.81 mA 12.69 V

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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 Collector Feedback Configuration

Another way to
improve the stability
of a bias circuit is to
add a feedback path
from collector to base.

In this bias circuit

the Q-point is only
slightly dependent on
the transistor beta, .

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 9 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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 Base-Emitter Loop
From Kirchhoff’s voltage law:

VCC – ICRC – I B R B – VBE – I E R E  0

Since IB << IC:

I'C  I C  I B  I C

Knowing IC = IB and IE  IC, the

loop equation becomes:

VCC – I B R C  I B R B  VBE  I B R E  0

Solving
I 
B
for
VCCIB: VBE IC  
R B  (R C  R E ) IB
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 10 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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 Collector-Emitter Loop

Applying Kirchoff’s voltage law:

IE RE + VCE + I’CRC – VCC = 0

Since IC  IC and IE  IC :

IC(RC + RE) + VCE – VCC =0

Solving for VCE:

VCE = VCC – IC (RC + RE)

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 11 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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Example 4.12 Find ICQ , VCEQ

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 12 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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Example 4.13 Repeat example 4.12,
with β=135. (Find ICQ , VCEQ ).

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 13 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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Example 4.14 Determine the DC level of
IB and VC.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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 Emitter Follower (Common
Collector) Configuration

The output is
taken off the emitter
terminal.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Emitter Follower (Common Collector) Configuration

I B R B V BE  I E R E V EE 
0
and
 Iusing  +1)I
I (=(+1)I
B RB  E B B V EE V B E

RE
V BE
I B  V EE
R B  ( E
+1)R

V CE  I E R E V EE 
0
V EE  I E
V CE
RE
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 16 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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Example 4.16 Determine VCEQ and IEQ

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 17 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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 Common Base Configuration

 The applied signal is connected to the emitter terminal.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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 Common Base Configuration

Determining VCE and VCB Input DC equivalent

V EE  I E R E VCE  I C RC V CC  0 V EE  I E R E V BE 
0
I E I C  V CE V EE V CC  I E (R E 
VRCCB ) I C RC V CC  0 IE V EE V BE
RE
IE I C V CB V CC  I E
RC Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 19 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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Example 4.17
Determine IE , IB , VCE
and VCB

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
10/e Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Dr. Talal Skaik 20 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
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