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LAB6 Topics - IPV4

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers that identify devices on a network. They are organized into five classes - A, B, C, D and E - with different address range and host number limits. The classes determine the number of networks and hosts each address can support. Common errors in IPv4 addresses include invalid byte values, extra dots separating values, and mixing binary and dotted-decimal notation.

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58 views11 pages

LAB6 Topics - IPV4

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers that identify devices on a network. They are organized into five classes - A, B, C, D and E - with different address range and host number limits. The classes determine the number of networks and hosts each address can support. Common errors in IPv4 addresses include invalid byte values, extra dots separating values, and mixing binary and dotted-decimal notation.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTERNET PROTOCOL

IPV4
Note

An IPv4 address is 32 bits long.

Note

The IPv4 addresses are unique, logical


and universal.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 2


Class Address Range Supports

Class A 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 Supports 16 million hosts on each


of 127 networks.

Class B 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 Supports 65,000 hosts on each of


16,000 networks.

Class 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 Supports 254 hosts on each of 2


C million networks.

Class 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast groups.


D

Class E 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 Reserved for future use, or


Research and Development
Purposes.
Network/ Hosts per
1st Octet Default
Host ID Number of Network
Class Decimal Subnet
(N=Network Networks (Usable
Range Mask
, H=Host) Addresses)

16,777,214
A 1 – 126* N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0 126 (27 – 2)
(224 – 2)

16,382 (214 – 65,534 (216 –


B 128 – 191 N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0
2) 2)
255.255.255 2,097,150
C 192 – 223 N.N.N.H 254 (28 – 2)
.0 (221– 2)

D 224 – 239 Reserved for Multicasting

E 240 – 254 Experimental; used for research


Table 1.12 Class Ranges of Network IDs
Address Class First Network ID Last Network ID

Class A 1.0.0.0 126.0.0.0

Class B 128.0.0.0 191.255.0.0

Class C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.0


Table 1.13 Class Ranges of Host IDs

Address Class First Host ID Last Host ID

Class A w .0.0.1 w .255.255.254

Class B w.x .0.1 w.x .255.254

Class C w.x.y. 1 w.x.y .254


Private IP Addresses

Class Private Networks Subnet Mask Address Range

A 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

B 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.0.0 255.240.0.0 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0 -
C 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
192.168.255.255
Example 1
Change the following IPv4 addresses from binary notation to dotted-
decimal notation.
a. 10000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111
c. 11100111 11011011 10001011 01101111
d. 11111001 10011011 11111011 00001111

Solution
We replace each group of 8 bits with its equivalent decimal number
(see Appendix B) and add dots for separation:
a. 129.11.11.239
b. 193.131.27.255
c. 231.219.139.111
d. 249.155.251.15

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 8


Example 2
Change the following IPv4 addresses from dotted-decimal notation to
binary notation.
a. 111.56.45.78
b. 221.34.7.82
c. 241.8.56.12
d. 75.45.34.78

Solution
We replace each decimal number with its binary equivalent:
a. 01101111 00111000 00101101 01001110
b. 11011101 00100010 00000111 01010010
c. 11110001 00001000 00111000 00001100
d. 01001011 00101101 00100010 01001110

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 9


Example 3
Find the error, if any, in the following IPv4 addresses:
a. 111.56.045.78
b. 221.34.7.8.20
c. 75.45.301.14
d. 11100010.23.14.67

Solution
a. There should be no leading zeroes (045).
b. We may not have more than 4 bytes in an IPv4 address.
c. Each byte should be less than or equal to 255.
d. A mixture of binary notation and dotted-decimal notation.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 10


The End

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