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Igneous Rocks - Lecture

The main types of igneous rock textures are: 1. Phaneritic texture - Rocks have large visible minerals 2. Aphanitic texture - Mineral grains are too small to see with the naked eye 3. Vesicular texture - Rocks have many pits from gas escaping during cooling 4. Porphyritic texture - Rocks have two distinct grain sizes, large and small minerals 5. Glassy texture - Rocks lack obvious mineral grains and have a glass-like appearance

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MARIA LOURDES MENDOZA
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342 views27 pages

Igneous Rocks - Lecture

The main types of igneous rock textures are: 1. Phaneritic texture - Rocks have large visible minerals 2. Aphanitic texture - Mineral grains are too small to see with the naked eye 3. Vesicular texture - Rocks have many pits from gas escaping during cooling 4. Porphyritic texture - Rocks have two distinct grain sizes, large and small minerals 5. Glassy texture - Rocks lack obvious mineral grains and have a glass-like appearance

Uploaded by

MARIA LOURDES MENDOZA
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IGNEOUS ROCKS:

How are they formed?


LEARNING COMPETENCY:

• Compare and contrast the


formation of the different
types of igneous rocks.
COMIC STRIP ANALYSIS
Derived from Latin word “ IGNIS
OR IGNUS” which means fire.

Also called “ fire rock”


IGNEOUS
ROCKS They are commonly found on
the surface and beneath the
Earth.
Igneous rocks differ in origin, process of
formation, color, density, size of grains,
crystals ad many more.
HOW ARE IGNEOUS ROCKS
FORMED?
SOLIDIFICATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION

The magma ( hot molten material) cools very slowly. Igneous


rocks form from the solidification of a melt. Magma or lava
cools either at the surface or underground. 
TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
ACCORDING TO FORMATION:

INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK

EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK

Intrusive rocks
Extrusive rocks
Differences between Intrusive & Extrusive
POINT OF COMPARISON Rocks
INTRUSIVE EXTRUSIVE

Other terminology Plutonic Rocks Volcanic Rocks


Location Beneath the Earth Surface of the Earth
Process of Formation Plutonic Volcanic
Origin Formed from magma Formed from lava
Color Usually dark Usually LIGHT colored
Density Dense Low density ( light)
Composition Mafic: Mg & Fe Felsic: Feldspar ( Al)
Differences between Intrusive & Extrusive
Rocks
POINT OF INTRUSIVE EXTRUSIVE
COMPARISON
Rate of Cooling Cools slowly Cools quickly( with
voids/ holes)
Size of Grains Large/coarse grain Fine ( small or no
grains)
Fine/glassy
Size of Crystals large crystals Small or no crystals
ACTIVITY: INTRUSIVE VS.
EXTRUSIVE
Directions: Different examples of rocks are given below. Supply the missing
information to complete the table.

ROCK TYPE Formed from: Cooling rate Crystal size


( INTRUSIVE OR ( magma or ( fast or slow) (Small, large , or
EXTRUSIVE? lava? no crystal )
Extrusive 1. 2. small

RHYOLITE
ACTIVITY: INTRUSIVE VS.
EXTRUSIVE
Directions: Different examples of rocks are given below. Supply the missing
information to complete the table.

ROCK TYPE Formed from: Cooling rate Crystal size


( INTRUSIVE OR ( magma or ( fast or slow) (Small, large , or
EXTRUSIVE? lava? no crystal )

3. 4. Slow Large

GABRO
ACTIVITY: INTRUSIVE VS.
EXTRUSIVE
Directions: Different examples of rocks are given below. Supply the missing
information to complete the table.

ROCK TYPE Formed from: Cooling rate Crystal size


( INTRUSIVE OR ( magma or ( fast or slow) (Small, large , or
EXTRUSIVE? lava? no crystal )

Intrusive 5. Slow 6.

GRANITE
ACTIVITY: INTRUSIVE VS.
EXTRUSIVE
Directions: Different examples of rocks are given below. Supply the missing
information to complete the table.

ROCK TYPE Formed from: Cooling rate Crystal size


( INTRUSIVE OR ( magma or ( fast or slow) (Small, large , or
EXTRUSIVE? lava? no crystal )

7. LAVA 8 No crystals

SCORIA
SCORIA
ACTIVITY: INTRUSIVE VS.
EXTRUSIVE
Directions: Different examples of rocks are given below. Supply the missing
information to complete the table.

ROCK TYPE Formed from: Cooling rate Crystal size


( INTRUSIVE OR ( magma or ( fast or slow) (Small, large , or
EXTRUSIVE? lava? no crystal )

9. LAVA FAST 10.

OBSIDIAN
Complete the blank concept map by supplying the needed information
using the needed information using the given terms and phrases related
to igneous rocks .
TYPES OF
IGNEOUS ROCKS
ACCORDING TO
COMPOSITION
( SILICA CONTENT)
Compound of the two most abundant
SiO2 – Silicon
elements in the Earth’s crust, Silicon and
dioxide
Oxygen.

Silica determines whether minerals will


be present or not in the rocks.
TYPES OF
IGNEOUS ROCKS Ultramafic
ACCORDING TO
COMPOSITION
( SILICA CONTENT)
Mafic

Intermediate

Felsic
TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCK BASED ON COMPOSITION
UTRAMAFIC MAFIC INTERMEDIATE FELSIC
 Very low silica  Low silica  High silica  Very high silica
content content content content
( <45% ) ( 45-52% ) ( 53-65% ) ( more than 65%)

 Very dark color  Dark, black  Gray  Light


 Examples are  Examples are  Examples are
 Examples are gabbro and diorite and granite and
peridotite and basalt andesites rhyolite
dunite
UTRAMAFIC

Peridotite
Dunite
MAFIC

BASALT GABBRO
INTERMEDIATE

DIORITE ANDESITE
FELSIC

GRANITE RHYOLITE
TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS ACCORDING TO TEXTURE

•PHANERITIC TEXTURE
•APHENITIC TEXTURE
•VESICULAR TEXTURE
•PORPHYRITIC TEXTURE
•GLASSY TEXTURE
TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS ACCORDING TO TEXTURE
TYPE OF IGNEOUS ROCK DESCRIPTION
PHANERITIC TEXTURE Have large minerals
Ex. Granite
APHENITIC TEXTURE The mineral grains are too small to see
with unaided eye . ( Ex. Basalt)
VESICULAR TEXTURE Rocks have may pits from gas escape
( Ex. Basalt)
PORPHYRITIC TEXTURE Rocks have 2 distinct grain sizes, large
and small
( Ex. Andesite Porphyry )
GLASSY TEXTURE Rocks do have obvious minerals
( Ex. Obsidian )
ACTIVITY: COMPARE THE CLASSIFICATION
OF ROCKS BASED ON COMPOSITION
Assignment:
• What are the different classification of igneous rocks according to
texture?

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