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Imrad Format

The document provides information about different research report writing formats: 1. It describes the IMRAD format, which structures a research report into Introduction, Methodology, Results, and Discussion sections. This modular structure helps organize ideas and allows editors/reviewers to efficiently locate information. 2. It also explains the components of each IMRAD section - the Introduction presents the study rationale, Literature Review discusses prior work, and Methodology describes the research design and procedures. 3. Additionally, the document outlines the typical sections of a research report written in chapter format, such as the Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, and References sections. Tables and figures are also addressed.

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Jhonmike yu
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68 views42 pages

Imrad Format

The document provides information about different research report writing formats: 1. It describes the IMRAD format, which structures a research report into Introduction, Methodology, Results, and Discussion sections. This modular structure helps organize ideas and allows editors/reviewers to efficiently locate information. 2. It also explains the components of each IMRAD section - the Introduction presents the study rationale, Literature Review discusses prior work, and Methodology describes the research design and procedures. 3. Additionally, the document outlines the typical sections of a research report written in chapter format, such as the Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, and References sections. Tables and figures are also addressed.

Uploaded by

Jhonmike yu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REBUS PUZZLE

Direction: analyze
the rebus puzzle and
guess the word.
 
FORMAT
READ BETWEEN THE LINES
WORKING OVER TIME
TRY TO STAND
I N T R O D U C T I O N

It pertains to the


rationale of the study.
M E T H O D O L O G Y

State the
design and
discuss briefly
what the design
is all about.
R E S U L T

 Answer the
question,
“What did you
find?
D I S C U S S I O N

Answer the question,


“What does it
mean?”
Recapitulation of
major findings.
R E F E R E N C E S

Is a list of all sources you have


used in process of researching
your work
RESEARCH-
REPORT WRITING
What is IMRAD Format?
I- ntroduction
M- ethod
R-esults
A-nd
D- iscussions
 IMRAD is prescribe when a research is to be
published in scientific journal.

 The modular structure of IMRAD helps the


author to organize ideas and remember critical
elements. It makes easier for the editor and
the reviewer to evaluate manuscripts; and it
improves the efficiency of the scientist to
locate specific information without going
through the entire paper.
Title Page
Preliminaries
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Literature Review
1.2 Conceptual Framework
1.3 Statement of the Problem
2.0 Methodology
2.1 Design
2.2 Study Site/Participants
2.3 Data Collecting Instruments
2.4 Data Collection Procedure
2.5 Data Analysis
2.6 Ethical Consideration

3.0 Results and Discussion


4.0 Conclusion and
Recommendation

References
ABSTRACT:
A sentence or two to identify or describe;
1.The general research
problem/purpose/objective
2.The participants/respondents
3.The research method and design
4.The general summary based from the
findings
5.The conclusion from the general findings
6.The recommendations based from the
general findings.
7. 150 to 250 words
8. Summary of a finished research
1. INTRODUCTION:
 It pertains to the rationale of the
study.
Brief, clear, straightforward.
Tells why the reader should find
the paper interesting.
Explains why the author carried
out the research.
1.1 Literature Review:
What?
 Refers to any collection of materials
on a topic.
 Discusses published information in a
particular subject area, and sometimes
information in a particular subject
area within a certain time period.
1.1 Literature Review:
 Has an organizational pattern and
combines both summary and
synthesis.

How?
 As foundation and as support for a
new insight.
 summarize
1.2 CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK:

Explains either graphically or in


narrative form the main things to
be studied – the key factors,
construct or variables.
Oyster mushroom

Group A: vermitea Group B: distilled water

Fruiting bags

No. of fruiting bags harvested


Ph level of substrate Fresh weight of mushrooms
with mushrooms

Statistical treatment: t-test

Sample conceptual framework


Conceptual
Bins

SINGLE ARROW HEAD


 Used to point the
effect of the
independent to the
dependent variable

DOUBLE ARROW HEAD


Used to point the
relationship between
the independent and
dependent variable.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
There should be a
statement of the whole
problem followed by the
specific questions or
sub-problems in which the
general problem is broken
up.
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Design
 State the design and discuss briefly what
the design is all about.
 Discuss why the design the most
appropriate use

2.2 Study Sites/ Participants


 Identify the sites, what makes it
interesting – highlights salient features.
 Identify who are the subject and how are
the subjects chosen (sampling design),
indicate the inclusion and exclusion
criteria.
2.3 Data Collecting
Instruments
State the origin, purpose, and
salient features of the
instrument/experiment process.
Discuss the validity and
reliability of the
instrument/experiment to be
used.
Explain the system of
administration.
2.4 Data Collective Procedure
For experimental, start with
the preparation of the
material and equipment,
accessing test subjects,
experimental phase
(extraction, administration
and monitoring), post
experimental phase (how
experiment results are
analyzed)
2.5 Data Analysis
Indicate how data sense making
was carried out by identifying
the tools/software used and
how are results are
interpreted.
Qualitative and/ or
Quantitative methods are used
in analyzing data.
2.6 Ethical
Considerations
Indicate how permission
is sought from the
participants/subject,
how informed consent is
secured, how protocol is
observed and how long
the data gathering
lasted.
3. RESULTS
Answer the question, “What did
you find?”
Includes the following;
1.Results of all experiments in
natural order, in subsections
similar to methods.
2.Text, tables and figures.(do
not duplicate)
3.Statistical analyses
3. RESULTS
In presenting the results of
the data gathering
procedure, the order of
presenting text should be
aligned with that of the
statement of the problem.
Emphasize answer(s) to your
questions(s).
Exclude results that are not
relevant.
RESULTS and DISCUSSION
When explaining
RESULTS use past
tense.
For DISCUSSION of
results use present
tense.
4. DISCUSSION:
Answer the question, “What does
it mean?”
Recapitulation of major
findings.
Discussion of findings.
Strengths and Pitfalls.
Explain what is new, why
results are important.
Indicate what next steps might
be.
IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY
TABLES AND FIGURES
For figures and tables
a.Use the most appropriate
visual elements
b.Caption is placed above the
table and below of a figure.
c.Keep figures and tables
simple and clear. No chart
junkies!
d.Refer table1 as Table 1,
not the table above.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF VISUAL
INFORMATION
What? Why?

Tables Present exact data; large


amount of data; present text
Photographs Add authenticity; provide an
overview or general idea.
Drawings Focus on important detail
Flow charts Show processes
Pie charts Show(roughly) parts of a whole
Line graphs Show changes over time
Bar graphs Visualize discrete categories;
show several parameters in one
figure.
REFERENCES
Is a list of all sources
you have used in process of
researching your work
APA 7th Edition

Appendix:
Curriculum Vitae
#5
DIRECTION:
Using VENN Diagram, compare and
contrast the CHAPTER format and
IMRaD format.
QUIZ # 5

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