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Probability Distribution

This document discusses probability distributions of discrete random variables. It provides examples of constructing probability distributions in tabular and formula form for discrete random variables. The key steps are: 1) determining the possible values of the random variable, 2) finding the total number of sample points, 3) constructing a frequency distribution, and 4) determining the probability of each value occurring. An example is provided for tossing a coin twice to find the number of heads, and selecting 3 items from a production process to find the number of defective items.

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Jessie Ocampo
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76 views22 pages

Probability Distribution

This document discusses probability distributions of discrete random variables. It provides examples of constructing probability distributions in tabular and formula form for discrete random variables. The key steps are: 1) determining the possible values of the random variable, 2) finding the total number of sample points, 3) constructing a frequency distribution, and 4) determining the probability of each value occurring. An example is provided for tossing a coin twice to find the number of heads, and selecting 3 items from a production process to find the number of defective items.

Uploaded by

Jessie Ocampo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS

AND
PROBABILIT
Y
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
REVIEW
• WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
DISCRETE AND RANDOM VARIABLES?
• GIVE ONE EXAMPLE EACH.
• WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN GETTING
THE POSSIBLE VALUES OF A RANDOM
VARIABLE?
OBJECTIVES
Construct the probability
01 Illustrate a probability
distribution for a discrete 02 mass function of a discrete
random variable and its
random variable and its
corresponding histogram;
properties.
and,

03 Compute probabilities
corresponding to a given
random variable.
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
1. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION of a
discrete random variable is a distribution of
possible values of random variable along
with the probability of each value to occur.
The probability distribution of a random
variable is also known as probability mass
function and its possible values are called
mass points.
CONSTRUCTING THE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
In constructing the probability distribution of a random variable,
the following steps must be observed:

1. Determine the possible values of the random variable.


2. Identify the total number of sample points in the sample
space.
3. Construct a frequency distribution of the values of the given
random variable.
4. Construct the probability distribution of the random variable
by determining the probability of each value to occur.
EXAMPLE 1
Consider the experiment of tossing a coin twice and we
are to find the number of heads that will come out.
Construct the probability distribution in tabular and formula
form.

Let H be the random variable that represents the number


of heads that will occur.
STEP 1
S= {HH, HT, TH, TT}

POSSIBLE OUTCOMES VALUE OF X


HH 2
HT 1
TH 1
TT 0

The possible values of H are 0, 1, and 2.


STEP 2
Since the coin has two sides, it can fall in two
different ways and we have to toss the coin twice.
Applying the fundamental counting technique, we
solve for N(S).
STEP 3
Value of X Frequency N(X=x)
2 1
1 2
0 1
Total 4

The frequency refers to the number of sample point of each


value of the given random variable.
STEP 4
Value of X Frequency Probability
N(X=x) P(X=x)
2 1 ¼ or 0.25
1 2 2/4 or ½ or 0.50
0 1 ¼ or 0.25
Total 4 1

The probability refers to the possibility of each value of the given


random variable to occur in the experiment. To solve for the
probability of each value,
The probability distribution of the random variable X can
be shown as follows:
TABULAR FORM
Value of X 2 1 0

P(X=x) 1/4 1/2 1/4

FORMULA FORM
In formula,
EXAMPLE 2
Suppose a sample of 3 production items is randomly
selected from a manufacturing process and we are
interested in determining the number of defective items.
Construct the probability distribution in tabular and formula
form.

Let Y be the number of defective items.


STEP 1
S= {DDD, DDN, DND, NDD, DNN, NDN, NND, NNN}
Possible Outcomes Value of Y
DDD 3
DDN 2
DND 2
NDD 2
DNN 1
NDN 1
NND 1
NNN 0
The possible values of the random variable Y
are 0, 1, 2, and 3.
STEP 2
An item can only be considered as defective
and not defective. Since we have to observe 3
production items, using the fundamental counting
technique, we solve for N(S).
STEP 3
Value of Y Frequency N(X=x)
3 1
2 3
1 3
0 1
Total 8
STEP 4
Value of Y Frequency Probability
N(X=x) P(Y=y)
3 1 1/8
2 3 3/8
1 3 3/8
0 1 1/8
Total 8 1
The probability distribution of the random variable Y can
be shown as follows:
TABULAR FORM
Value of Y 3 2 1 0

P(Y=y) 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8

FORMULA FORM
In formula,
TRY ME!
In a bag containing 4 yellow balls and 3 balls, 2
balls are drawn in a succession without replacement.
Let B be the random variable that represents the
number of blue balls that will be drawn.
Construct the probability distribution in tabular
and formula form.
QUESTIONS?
CLARIFICATI
ONS?
Thank you and God bless! 

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