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4-Testing Differential Protection

This document discusses testing differential protection (87) and includes the following topics: 1. It provides an example of the ratio of operate coil and restraint coil being 20% for differential protection and discusses a pickup setting of 25%. 2. It describes negative sequence current fault discrimination which compares the phase angle of negative sequence currents from local and remote ends to determine if a fault is internal or external. 3. It discusses charging current compensation which continuously estimates differential current and keeps the pre-fault estimate during faults to compensate for charging current. 4. It explains that an open CT detection feature blocks differential protection to prevent unexpected operations under normal load conditions from an open CT.

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Hassan Taha
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325 views36 pages

4-Testing Differential Protection

This document discusses testing differential protection (87) and includes the following topics: 1. It provides an example of the ratio of operate coil and restraint coil being 20% for differential protection and discusses a pickup setting of 25%. 2. It describes negative sequence current fault discrimination which compares the phase angle of negative sequence currents from local and remote ends to determine if a fault is internal or external. 3. It discusses charging current compensation which continuously estimates differential current and keeps the pre-fault estimate during faults to compensate for charging current. 4. It explains that an open CT detection feature blocks differential protection to prevent unexpected operations under normal load conditions from an open CT.

Uploaded by

Hassan Taha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Testing Differential Protection-4

(87)
Motaz Al-Fayomi
Senior Protection Engineer
00962795159787
[email protected]
A- Differential Protection (87) Application
B- Negative Sequence Current Fault Discriminator
C- Charging Current
D- Open CT detection feature
E- 2nd and 5th harmonic analysis
F- Analog signal transfer for line differential protection
A-Differential Protection (87) Application
The ratio of operate coil and restraint coil is 20%
)0.2 , 0.2 * 100 =20%=)10A/50A((= )Iop/Ires(
The pickup setting of this relay is 25% so the restraint coil is applying more force than
the operate coil and the relay will NOT TRIP
Idiff
Unrestrained
Limit

Sum

Ct Saturation for external fault

Local /remote CT errors


Idiff min

cable charging current

I Bias
Idiff, A
?P2 )1.9 ,4.0(

0%
=8
-3
op
Sl
?P1
= 40% (
-2 3. 0
Slop-1=0.0% Slo
p
1. 1,
)
Idiff min=0.4
)0.4 ,1.25(
`

End section-1=1.25 End section -2=3.0 4.0 I Bias ,A

Slop -2 =40%=(P1-0.4)/(3.0-1.25)P1=40%(3.0-1.25)+0.4=1.1A

Slop -3 =80%=(P2-1.1)/(4.0-3.00)P2=80%(4.0-3.00)+1.1=1.9A
Main menu/Test/Function status/Differential protection/
LineDifferential6Terminal(PDIF,87L)/L6CPDIF:x
B-Negative Sequence Current Fault Discriminator

The phase angle of the negative-1


sequence current from the local end is
compared with the phase angle of the
sum of the negative sequence currents
from the remote ends

If the two currents flow in the same-2


.direction, the fault is internal

If the two currents flow in opposite-3


.directions, the fault is external
C-Charging Current

Charging current : Continuous estimation of differential current at no-fault condition-1


Pre-fault charging current estimation kept during faults-2
U : is system voltage
XC1: is capacitive positive sequence reactance of the line
f :is system frequency
C1 :is positive sequence line capacitance
:If the charging current compensation is enabled, the setting of IdMin must be-3
,IdMin ≥ ICharge
D-Open CT detection feature

The open CT circuit condition creates unexpected operations for Line differential-1
.protection under the normal load conditions

Open CT detection function will block Line differential protection function-2

The search for an open CT starts after 60 seconds (50 seconds in 60 Hz systems)-3
since the bias current enters the 10–110% range
E-2nd and 5th harmonic analysis

Transformer inrush currents and CT saturation cause high degrees of second-1


.harmonic in the differential current

The excitation current cause high degree of fifth harmonic, if the transformer is inside-2
.the protected zone

If we have internal fault at the same time as the harmonic content is above set level-3
and the differential current is below IdMinHigh, will block a trip

frequency of 2nd harmonic =60*2=120Hz -4


frequency of 5th harmonic =60*5=300Hz
F-Analog signal transfer for line differential protection
MASTER / MASTER Protection Algorithm
Direct fibre optical connection between two IEDs with LDCM-1
When direct fibre is used, one LDCM is set as Master and the other one as Slave-2

LDCM with an external optical to galvanic converter and a multiplexer-1


When a modem and multiplexer is used, the IED is always set as Slave-2
GCM

PSM : Power supply module LDCM : Line data communication module


.SLM : Serial communication module AD : Analog digital conversion module
OEM : Optical ethernet module NUM : Numeric processing module
TRM : transformer input module GCM : Communication interface module
with carrier of GPS receiver module
LDCM for slot 312: Set TerminalNo to 2 and RemoteTermNo to 1 •
LDCM for slot 313: Set TerminalNo to 4 and RemoteTermNo to 3 •

LDCM :Line differential communication


module
Slot 312: Main channel •
Slot 313: Redundant channel •
Main menu/Test/Function
status/Communication/Remote
communication/LDCMx
COMFAIL : Detected error in the differential communication

YBIT : Detected error in remote end with incoming message

NOCARR : No carrier is detected in the incoming message

NOMESS : No start and stop flags identified for the incoming message

ADDRERR :Incoming message from a wrong terminal

LNGTHERR : Wrong length of the incoming message

CRCERROR : Identified error by CRC check in incoming message

TRDELERR : Transmission time is longer than permitted

SYNCERR : Indicates when echo synchronization is used

REMCOMF :Remote terminal indicates problem with received message

REMGPSER : Remote terminal indicates problem with GPS synchronization SUBSTITU Link
error, values are substituted
LOWLEVEL : Low signal level on the receive link
! Thank you

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