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Introduction Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineering is the application of chemistry, physics, biology, economics, and human relations to safely and efficiently produce useful products. It involves developing and designing processes and equipment to transform raw materials into products through physical and chemical changes. Some key contributions of chemical engineering include fueling economies, creating cleaner energy, producing food and materials for growing populations, advancing medicine, and powering computers.

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Pedina Sibakrishna
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279 views40 pages

Introduction Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineering is the application of chemistry, physics, biology, economics, and human relations to safely and efficiently produce useful products. It involves developing and designing processes and equipment to transform raw materials into products through physical and chemical changes. Some key contributions of chemical engineering include fueling economies, creating cleaner energy, producing food and materials for growing populations, advancing medicine, and powering computers.

Uploaded by

Pedina Sibakrishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Presented by
PEDINA SIBAKRISHNA
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
WHAT IS CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ?
 Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that
applies physical sciences (physics and chemistry), life
sciences (microbiology and biochemistry), together with
applied mathematics and economics to produce, transform,
transport, and properly use chemicals, materials and energy.
 The constitution of A.I.Ch.E. defines Chemical Engineering
as…that branch of engineering which deals with the
applications of the principles of physical science, together
with the principles of economics and human relation, to
fields that pertain directly to processes and process
equipments in which matter is treated to effect a change in
state, energy content or composition.
WHAT ARE CHEMICAL ENGINEERS?
 “Chemical engineers” use math, physical sciences (physics, chemistry),
life sciences (biology, microbiology and biochemistry), and economics to
solve practical problems. The difference between chemical engineers and
other types of engineers is that they apply a knowledge of chemistry in
addition to other engineering disciplines. Chemical engineers may be called
“universal engineers” because their scientific and technical mastery is so
extensive.
 A chemical engineer converts cheaper raw materials into finished products
through processes involving physical and/or chemical changes.
 A Chemical Engineer is one who is skilled in development, design,
construction, and operation of industrial plants in which matter undergoes a
change i.e. chemical engineer must develop, design and engineer the process
and equipments used, must choose proper raw materials, must operate the
plant efficiently, safely, and economically and must see that products
manufactured by him meet the specifications set by the customers.
HISTORY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Before 18th Century:


Industrial chemicals were mainly produced through
batch processing.

Industrial Revolution (1700-1800):


Industrial production shifted from batch to
continuous processing.
HISTORY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
ChE Principles:
1805 - John Dalton published Atomic Weights, allowing
chemical equations to be balanced and the basis for
chemical engineering mass balances.
1824 - Sadi Carnot was the first to study the
thermodynamics of combustion reactions.
1850 - Rudolf Clausius applied the principles developed
by Carnot to chemical systems at the atomic to
molecular scale.
HISTORY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

ChE Principles:
1873 to 1876 - Josiah Willard Gibbs developed a mathematical-based,
graphical methodology, for the study of chemical systems using the
thermodynamics of Clausius.
1882 - Hermann von Helmholtz showed that measure of chemical affinity
is determined by the measure of the free energy of the reaction process.
1883 - Osborne Reynolds defines the dimensionless group for fluid flow,
leading to practical scale-up and understanding of flow, heat and mass
transfer.
1915-The concept of ‘Unit Operations’ was first presented by A.D. Little.
1923- The idea of treating various processes of a chemical industry as a
series of unit operations was put forwarded by W. H. Walker, W. K.
Lewis and W. H. Mc Adams in their famous book, “Principles of
Chemical Engineering”.
HISTORY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

ChE Education:
1882 – a course in "Chemical Technology" is offered at University
College London.
1885 –a course in "chemical engineering" is offered at Central
College (later Imperial College), London.
1887-Chemical engineering was first established as a profession in
the United Kingdom when the first chemical engineering course
was given at the University of Manchester in 1887 by
George E. Davis in the form of twelve lectures covering various
aspects of industrial chemical practice.[
1888 –a new curriculum at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT) started by Professor Lewis Norton : Course X, Chemical
Engineering.
1921-Dr. Hira Lal Roy introduced chemical engineering in the
curriculum of Bengal National College (Now Jadavpur University)
Course X at MIT: "to meet the needs of students who desire a general training in
mechanical engineering, and at the same time to devote a portion of their time to the
study of the applications of chemistry to the arts, especially to those engineering
problems which relate to the use and manufacture of chemical products."
HISTORY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

ChE Institutes:

1908 – the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is


founded.
1922 – the UK Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) is
founded.
1947-- Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers (IIChE) is
founded.
1996 – the Thailand Institute of Chemical Engineering and
Applied Chemistry (TiChE) is founded.
A CENTURY OF CHE PROFESSION

What are the great accomplishments do


we come up with?
TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY
TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

1. FUELING THE WORLD’S ECONOMIES

• The world's economy needs energy to keep it


moving.
• Chemical engineers stretch fossil fuels into various
energy supplies, e.g. gasoline, diesel, jet oil, etc.
TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

2. CREATING CLEANER ENERGY


Chemical engineers are creating a new generation of
clean energy technologies.

- Nuclear power plant


- NiMH battery
- Alternative energies such as Air , Wind, Water,
Solar, etc.
NIMH BATTERY FOR VEHICLES
AIR FOR VEHICLES
TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

3. PRODUCTS FOR GROWING


POPULATIONS

- Water purification
- Water desalination
- GMO foods
- Green productions
TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

4. REMOVING HARMFUL SULFUR FROM


FUELS

- Catalytic converter for car’s exhausted gas


- Unleaded gasoline  gasohol
- Air pollution control
TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

5. BETTER LIVING THROUGH


CHEMISTRY

Chemical engineers have made plastics possible.


http://www.bmw-security-vehicles.com
TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

6. STRETCHING NATURAL RESOURCES

Chemical engineers make innovative materials.


- Synthetic rubbers
- Bio-plastics
- Kevlar
- etc.
KEVLAR VESTS
TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

7. LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION


ENGINEERING

Even if a product was created by a scientist, there


is a good chance it was perfected and made
practical by chemical engineers.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010


PENICILLIN DISCOVERY

In 1929, Sir Alexander Fleming discovered a strain of mould


that inhibit bacteria Straphylococus growth, called penicillin.
TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

8. CONVENIENT & ABUNDANT FOOD

When popping your favorite ready-to-eat meal in the


microwave, thank chemical engineers!
- Processed food, canned food
- Powder coffee, Powder milk
- Sterilized food

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010


TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

9. HEALING DISEASES & EXTENDING


LIFE

Chemical engineering has advanced medical


science, improving the quality of life and saving
millions of lives.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010


DIALYSIS (ARTIFICIAL KIDNEYS)

www.kidneycaregroup.com
TOP 10 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY

10. POWERING THE PERSONAL COMPUTER

The tools chemical engineers use to improve computers


may have long-winded names, but their advances make our
gadgets all the more powerful.

- Germanium-based silicon chips that help your laptop


perform faster.
- From thin-film liquid crystal displays to software that
simulates complex industrial processes.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
CHEMICAL ENGINEERS IN ACTION

1. Energy
2. Environment
3. Material Sciences
4. Semiconductor Manufacturing
5. Bio-medical
6. Food
JOBS OPPORTUNITY FOR CHE
PROUD TO
BE A
CHEMICAL
ENGINEER
THANK
U

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