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Network Layer

The document discusses the network layer in the OSI model and its functions which include forwarding, routing, and connection setup. It describes connection-oriented and connectionless communication. It also discusses routing, routing tables, and the difference between static and dynamic routing.

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Adi Acharya
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55 views11 pages

Network Layer

The document discusses the network layer in the OSI model and its functions which include forwarding, routing, and connection setup. It describes connection-oriented and connectionless communication. It also discusses routing, routing tables, and the difference between static and dynamic routing.

Uploaded by

Adi Acharya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Layer

Sangam Malla
Dept. Of I.T.M
Network Layer
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the network layer

is layer 3. The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding

including routing through intermediate routers, whereas the data link

layer is responsible for media access control, flow control and error

checking. The network layer provides the functional and procedural

means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to

a destination host via one or more networks while maintaining the

quality of service functions.


Network Layer
This layer provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical

paths, known as virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node.

Routing and forwarding are functions of this layer, as well as addressing,

internetworking, error handling, congestion control and packet

sequencing. The Network layer provides the functional and procedural

means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a

destination via one or more networks while maintaining the quality of

service requested by the Transport layer.


Function of Network Layer
A. Forwarding:-

Forwarding of the data means the process of moving the packet from

the router input to the appropriate router output. We know that in the

network one router is connected to many other routers in the network.

The packet comes to the router from a particular path which becomes

in input path for the router. And know it will have to decide the

appropriate path to send out this packet to the next router and this

process is called forwarding.


Function of Network Layer

B. Routing:-
The routing of the data depends upon the forwarding process. The

routing is done by a combination of the forwarding from the various

routers. It is the combination that decides the how the packet is to be

routed. Hence routing is to determine the route which is taken by the

packet from the source to the destination.


Function of Network Layer
C. Connection Setup:-

Third important function of the network layer is connection set up.

Though the network layer does not set up connection in all protocols but

it is done in few. The set up in the TCP connection is done by the

transport layer and in UDP there is no connection at all.


Connection-Oriented
Communication
Connection-oriented (CO-mode) communication is a data communication

mode in telecommunications whereby the devices at the end points use a

protocol to establish an end-to-end logical or physical connection before

any data may be sent. In case of digital transmission, in-order delivery of a

bit stream or byte stream is provided. Connection-oriented protocol

services are often but not always reliable network services, that provide

acknowledgment after successful delivery, and automatic repeat request

functions in case of missing data or detected bit-errors.


Connectionless Communication
In packet switching networks, CL-mode or connectionless communication is a
data transmission method in which each data packet carries information in a
header record that contains a destination address sufficient to permit the
independent delivery of the packet to its destination via the network. A packet
transmitted in a connectionless mode is frequently called a datagram. The
connectionless communication mode has the advantage over a connection-
oriented mode in that it has low overhead. It also allows for multicast and
broadcast operations, which may save even more network resources when
the same data needs to be transmitted to several recipients. Unfortunately, in
connectionless mode transmission of a packet, the service provider usually
cannot guarantee that there will be no loss, error insertion, mis-delivery,
duplication, or out-of-sequence delivery of the packet.
Routing
The term routing encapsulates two tasks. These tasks are deciding the

paths for data transferred and sending the packets on these paths. The

routing is a process that is a function carried out at layer 3 of the OSI

reference model. The routing algorithm decides the output line to

transfer the incoming packets. The routing algorithms are based on the

routing protocol that uses metrics to assess whether a particular path is

the optimal path available for transfer of the data packets.


Routing Table
A routing table is a document stored in the router or a network computer.

The routing table is stored in the form of a database or is simply a file

stored in the router. The data entered in the routing table is referred to

when the best possible path to transfer information across two computers

in a network is to be determined. The two classifications, viz., static and

dynamic, are based on the way in which the routing tables are updated

every time they are used. The routers in which the data is stored and

updated manually are called static routers. On the other hand, the routers

in which the information is changed dynamically, by the router itself, are

referred to as dynamic routers.


Thank You

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