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w13 Laplace Transforms

The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms, which are a mathematical tool that converts differential equations from the time domain to the frequency domain. This makes solving problems involving differential equations easier. The key aspects covered include: - Defining the Laplace transform and how it converts time-domain functions and operations into the frequency domain - Examples of common Laplace transform pairs - How to use partial fractions to take the inverse Laplace transform - Properties of the Laplace transform of derivatives and how to apply them - A 3-step process for using Laplace transforms to solve initial value problems involving differential equations The document also provides examples of using Laplace transforms to solve initial value problems for different types of differential equations.

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Omar Bahig
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69 views28 pages

w13 Laplace Transforms

The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms, which are a mathematical tool that converts differential equations from the time domain to the frequency domain. This makes solving problems involving differential equations easier. The key aspects covered include: - Defining the Laplace transform and how it converts time-domain functions and operations into the frequency domain - Examples of common Laplace transform pairs - How to use partial fractions to take the inverse Laplace transform - Properties of the Laplace transform of derivatives and how to apply them - A 3-step process for using Laplace transforms to solve initial value problems involving differential equations The document also provides examples of using Laplace transforms to solve initial value problems for different types of differential equations.

Uploaded by

Omar Bahig
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

INTRODUCTION
Definition
 Transforms -- a mathematical conversion from
one way of thinking to another to make a problem
easier to solve
problem solution
in original in original
way of way of
thinking thinking
solution inverse
transform in transform transform
way of
thinking

2. Transforms
problem solution
in time in time
domain inverse domain
Laplace solution Laplace
transform in transform
s domain

• Other transforms
• Fourier
• z-transform
• wavelets

2. Transforms
Laplace transformation
time domain

linear time
differential domain
equation solution

Laplace transform
inverse Laplace
transform
Laplace algebra Laplace
transformed
solution
equation

Laplace domain or
complex frequency domain
4. Laplace transforms
Basic Tool For Continuous Time:
Laplace Transform

L[ f (t )]  F ( s )   f (t )e dt  st
0
 Convert time-domain functions and operations into
frequency-domain
 f(t)  F(s) (tR, sC
 Linear differential equations (LDE)  algebraic expression
in Complex plane
 Graphical solution for key LDE characteristics
 Discrete systems use the analogous z-transform
LAPLACE TRANSFORM PAIRS
To find the Laplace transform F(s) of a step function f(t) = 1 for
t  0. Substitute f(t) into the definition of the Laplace
Transform below.
To find the Laplace transform of a unit ramp f(t) = t for t  0.
Substitute f(t) to give:

Integrating by parts and evaluating gives:-


Defining Laplace Transform of
Sin(ωt) and Cos(ωt)
 Integration by part
 Using definition of Euler identity
 Defining the property of Integration
Defining Laplace Transform of
sin(ωt) using Integration by part
Sin(ωt
) Euler
By defining
Identity
INVERSE TRANSFORM
Example:

Solution:
PARTIAL FRACTION
Example:

Find the inverse Laplace transform of


Can use online decomposition
Solution: partial fraction calculator:
https://www.emathhelp.net/calculators/alge
bra-2/partial-fraction-decomposition-calculat
or/?numer=10s%5E2%2B4&denom=s%28s
%2B1%29%28s%2B2%29%5E2&steps=on Also you can use inverse
Laplace transform calcul
https://www.symbolab.com/solver/invers
alculator/inverse%20laplace%20%5Cle
%7B1%7D%7Bs%7D-%5Cfrac%7B14%
2B1%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B22%7D%7B
2B2%5Cright)%5E%7B2%7D%7D%2B
B13%7D%7B%5Cleft(s%2B2%5Cright)
ght)

Therefore,
LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF
DERIVATIVES
LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF
SECOND DERIVATIVE
Solving initial value problems ODE
using the method of Laplace
transforms
To solve a linear differential equation
using Laplace transforms, there are
only 3 basic steps:
 1. Take the Laplace transforms of both sides of an
equation.
 2. Simplify algebraically the result to solve for L{y} =
Y(s) in terms of s.
 3. Find the inverse transform of Y(s). (Or, rather, find a
function y(t) whose Laplace transform matches the
expression of Y(s).) This inverse transform, y(t), is the
solution of the given differential equation.
Example: y″ − 6y′ + 5y = 0, y(0) = 1, y′(0) = −3
Example: y′ + 2y = 4t e −2t , y(0) = −3.
Example

Try it yourself!

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