HUMAN-COMPUTER Usman Institute of

Technology
INTERACTION FALL 2021

CS411 Human Computer Interaction

Week 01

Introduction of Course
 Trapped between the doors!

How do you open the toothpaste?

Opening the file drawer

Design Suggestion
Coffee machine

Design suggestion
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Introduction
• Instructor
– Umair Khan
• Lab Instructor
– Fatima Shakeel
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•Agenda
• Introductions
• Course Administration
• HCI Overview
–Objectives
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Course Information
•Books

–Human-Computer Interaction (3rd ed.) by Dix, Finlay, Abowd, Beale,

Third Edition, 2009

–Preece, J; Rogers, Y & Sharp, H Interaction Design, beyond human-

computer interaction John Wiley (2002)

–The Design of Everyday Things by Norman, 1990

–Designing the User Interface, 5th Edition Ben Shneiderman and

Catherine Plaisant, Addison Wesley,
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Introduction
• Your turn
– Interests
– What you plan to do after graduation
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Course Information
– Course Outlines
– Grading
– Assignment
– Class Participation
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Advise
• Learn from and use the past
– Look to previous courses, courses elsewhere
Info on the web, …
– Content, lectures, projects, …
• Go further
– Move beyond lectures & book
– Further courses
– Step into research
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Human

Computer

Interaction
Human
Computers
Interaction
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HCI – A Definition
“Human-Computer Interaction is a discipline
concerned with the design, evaluation and
implementation of interactive computing
systems for human use and with the study of
major phenomena surrounding them”
-ACM/IEEE
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HCI
• What happens when a human and a
• computer get together to perform a task
– Task - write document, calculate budget, solve
equation, learn about world, drive home,...
• – Task might be play, learning,
communicating, …
• – Not just desktop computers
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Interfaces in the World

• Not just computers!
– Mouse
– Phone
– Copier
– Car
– Plane cockpit
– Airline reservation
– Air traffic control
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Course Aims
• 1. Consciousness raising
– Make you aware of
these issues

• 2. Design critic
– Question bad design
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Course Aims
• 3. Learn design process
– Software interface and other artifacts

• 4. Improve your HCI design & Evaluation Skills

– Go forth and do good work
HCI and Big Picture
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Human-Computer Interaction
User Experience
Usability

Interface

Interaction

Computer Human
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The Shopping Analogy

• Types of experiences
– Good or Bad

• Every user is unique

– Experiences are unique
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User Experience – A Definition

• The user experience is the holistic
combination of everything that the user
– Sees
– Touches
– Feels
– Interacts with
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Good and Bad Experiences

Satisfaction
Good experience Happiness
Elation

Frustration
Bad experience Resentment
Anger
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Usability - Abstract-level
Constituents
Ease of Use
(Could I use it?)

+
Usefulness
(Would I use it?)
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Usability
• Ensuring that interactive products are easy to
learn, effective to user and enjoyable from the
user’s perspective
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Perspective ?
• People perceive the same item in
different ways

• What do you see in the Image ?

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Usability & User Experience

Usability
Goals

User Experience Goals

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Usability Goals
• Effectiveness

• Efficiency

• Safety

• Utility

• Learnability

• Memorablity
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Effectiveness
• How good the system is at doing what it is supposed to do

– iDrive system being effective since it would perform all the tasks

– The Alarm clock is effective in the way that it would play music in exactly the
same way it is supposed to

• Are these systems really effective ? Think again !!

– Main goal of HCI is to evaluate things from the User’s perspective
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Efficient
• The way system supports its users in carrying out their
tasks

• Does the product help users sustain a high level of

productivity?
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Safety
• Protecting the user from dangerous conditions
and undesirable situation
– Which of the Cases you think was the most unsafe ?
• Plane
• Nuclear reactor
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Safety ok
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Utility
• System providing the right kind of functionality so that the
user can do what they want
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Learnability
• How easy a system is to learn to user
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Memorability
• How easy the system is to remember once
learnt

• Riding a bicycle
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User Experience Goals

• Aesthetically Pleasing
• Satisfying
• Supportive to Creativity
• Enjoyable
• Rewarding
• Fun
• Emotionally Fullfilling
• Entertaining

• Helpful

• Motivating
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Satisfying Emotionally
fullfilling
Efficient to
use
enjoyable Effective Rewarding
Easy to
to use
remember
Usability
Goals

Easy to Supportive of
Safe to creativity
Entertaining learn
use
Have good
utility
Aesthetically
helpful pleasing

Motivating
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Famous Quotations
“It is easy to make things hard. It is hard to make things
easy.” – Al Chapanis, 1982

“Learning to use a computer system is like learning to use a

parachute – if a person fails on the first try, chances are he
won’t try again.” – anonymous
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Today’s Revelation

“Don’t Make me THINK, is the key to a usable

product”
Quote of the Day – Terry Winograd
“HCI is the kind of discipline which is neither the study of humans nor the study
of technology, but rather the bridging between the two. So you always have
to have one eye open to the questions:
– What can the technology do?

– How can you build it ?

– What are the possibilities?

And one eye open to the question
– What are people doing and how would this fit in

– What would they do with it ?

If you lose sight of either of those you fail to design well .. I think the challenge
is to really keep knowledge of both the technology and the people playing
off against each other in order to develop new things”
 Engineers Belief
Engineers believe that since they made it, can use it,
everyone can use it

“If WE can use it, YOU can use it. If you can’t, YOU
must be STUPID”

“Users are stupid” – anonymous

“Users are dummies” – anonymous

 But wait, computers weren’t made FOR
engineers
• I though it was made for normal human
beings?!??!!
 Success Criteria in the New Economy
• Business success is all
about managing
relationships
– Companies doing business
on the Web are focusing
on how to retain and
extend relationships with
customers
 Success Criteria in the New Economy

• Success depends upon the ability of a business

to effectively and efficiently meet customer
needs and goals
Business User
Success  Experience
Success Criteria in the New Economy

high

Factors Business
Strategy
providing
competitive
advantage User Experience manifestation of
business strategy

enabling factor
Technology for user
experience &
business
low strategy
Common Problems in the New Economy

• Scenario: A web site that is

– Aesthetically beautiful
– Technically perfect
– Wonderful content
– But users can’t find information!
 Findability
• Users can only find information 42% of the
time
– Jared Spool
 Findability
• 62% of web shoppers give up looking for the
item they want to buy online
– Zona Research
 Findability
• 50% of the potential sales from a site are lost
because people cannot find the item they are
looking for
– Forrester Research
 The Result
• 40% of the users who do not return to a site
do so because their first visit resulted in a
negative experience
– Forrester Research
 Software Maintenance Costs
• 80% of software lifecycle costs occur after the
product is released, in the maintenance phase
- of that work, 80 % is due to unmet or
unforeseen user requirements; only 20 % is
due to bugs or reliability problems.
- IEEE Software
 Project Cost Estimation
• Around 63% of software projects exceed their
cost estimates. The top four reasons for this
are:
• Frequent requests for changes from users
• Overlooked tasks
• Users' lack of understanding of their own requirements
• Insufficient user-analyst communication and
understanding

- Communications of the ACM

 Return on Investment (ROI)

Scenario A Scenario B

Revenue Potential $100m $100m

User Experience Good Bad

Sales Lost 0% 50%

Revenue Lost $0m $50m

Actual Revenue $100m $50m

m - millions
 The End of Business As Usual
• Business success is directly related to the
customer experience

• BOO.com, a $204m startup fails

– BBC News

• Poor commercial web sites will kill 80% of

Fortune 500 companies within a decade
- Jakob Nielsen
 The
The Death
Death Knell
Knell
Products with a bad user
experience deserve to
DIE !
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What We Learnt Today …

• Goals of HCI
– Usability
– User Experience
– Success criteria in the new economy

• Hopefully this has opened your eyes, mind,

changed the way you think
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Who Will…
– Drive future technical breakthroughs?
– Lead future paradigm shifts?

– It just might be YOU!

 Next Lecture
• Interaction Design