TYPES OF

COMMUNICATIVE
STRATEGY
 People communicate every
day to establish and
maintain relationships, know
and understand themselves,
and find meaning in the daily
grind.
 Moreover, since humans are
social beings who survive more
effectively through sensible
discourses, they are always
driven to learn the skills of
creating and sustaining
meaningful conversations.
 Successful communication
requires understanding of
the relationship between
words and sentences and the
speech acts they represent.
 However, a conversation
may be complex at times;
that is why some people
get lost along the way and
misunderstand each other.
 It is only when we
willingly cooperate and
speak in socially
approved ways that we
can make a conversation
meaningful.
 Since engaging in
conversation is also bound
by implicit rules, Cohen
(1990) states that
strategies must be used to
start and maintain a
 Knowing and applying
grammar appropriately is
one of the most basic
strategies to maintain a
conversation.
 The following are
some strategies that
people use when
communicating.
1.Nomination
A speaker carries out
nomination to
collaboratively and
productively establish a
topic.
 When beginning a topic in a
conversation, especially if it
does not arise from a
previous topic, you may start
off with news inquiries and
news announcements as they
promise extended talk.
 Most importantly, keep
the conversational
environment open for
opinions until the prior
topic shuts down easily
and initiates a smooth end.
 This could
efficiently signal the
beginning of a new
topic in the
conversation.
2. Restriction
-refers to any
limitation you may
have as a speaker.
 When communicating in
the classroom, in a
meeting, or while hanging
out with your friends, you
are typically given specific
instructions that you must
follow.
 These instructions
confine you as a
speaker and limit
what you can say.
 For example, in your
class, you might be asked
by your teacher to
brainstorm on peer
pressure or deliver a
speech on digital natives.
 In these cases,
you cannot decide
to talk about
something else.
 On the other hand,
conversing with your
friends during ordinary
days can be far more
casual than these
examples
Remember to always be:
• on point
• avoid sideswiping from the
topic during the
conversation to avoid
communication breakdown.
 Sometimes people 3. Turn-taking
are given unequal
opportunities to talk
because others take
much time during the
conversation.
 Turn-taking pertains
to the process by
which people decide
who takes the
conversational floor.
 There is a code of
behavior behind
establishing and sustaining
a productive conversation,
but the primary idea is to
give all communicators a
chance to speak.
 Remember to keep your words
relevant and reasonably short enough
to express your views or feelings. Try to
be polite even if you are trying to take
the floor from another speaker.
 Remember to keep your
words relevant and
reasonably short enough
to express your views or
feelings.
 Do not hog the
conversation and talk
incessantly without
letting the other party air
out their own ideas.
To acknowledge others, you may
employ visual signals like a nod, a
look, or a step back, and you could
accompany these signals with
spoken cues such as “What do you
think?” or “You wanted to say
something?”
4. Topic Control
-covers how procedural
formality or informality
affects the
development of topic in
conversations.
 Contrast this with a
casual conversation with
friends over lunch or
coffee where you may
take the conversational
floor anytime.
 This only means that
when a topic is initiated, it
should be collectively
developed by avoiding
unnecessary interruptions
and topic shifts.
 You can make yourself
actively involved in the
conversation without overly
dominating it by using
minimal responses like
“Yes,” “Okay,” “Go on”;
 asking tag questions to
clarify information briefly
like “You are excited, aren’t
you?”, “It was unexpected,
wasn’t it?”; and even by
laughing!
 5. Topic Shifting
-involves moving from one
topic to another. In other
words, it is where one part
of a conversation ends and
where another begins.
 When shifting from one
topic to another, you have
to be very intuitive. Make
sure that the previous topic
was nurtured enough to
generate adequate views.
 You may also use effective
conversational transitions to
indicate a shift like “By the
way,” “In addition to what
you said,” “Which reminds
me of,” and the like.
6. Repair
-refers to how speakers
address the problems in
speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they
may encounter in a
conversation.
Example:

If everybody in the
conversation seems to talk at
the same time, give way and
appreciate other’s initiative to
set the conversation back to
its topic.
 Repair is the self-
righting mechanism in
any social interaction
(Schegloff et al, 1977).
 If there is a problem in
understanding the
conversation, speakers
will always try to
address and correct it.
 Although this is the
case, always seek to
initiate the repair.
 7. Termination
Termination refers to
the conversation
participants’ close-
initiating expressions that
end a topic in a
conversation..
 Most of the time, the
topic initiator takes
responsibility to signal
the end of the
discussion as well.
 Although not all topics
may have clear ends,
try to signal the end of
the topic through
concluding cues.
 You can do this by
sharing what you
learned from the
conversation.
 Aside from this, soliciting
agreement from the other
participants usually
completes the discussion
of the topic meaningfully.
Identify the type of communicative strategy in each statement. 1. “Do you have
anything to say?” 2. “One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion is
the importance of sports and wellness to a healthy lifestyle.” 3. “Excuse me? I
think we should speak one at a time, so we can clearly understand what we want
to say about the issue.” 4. “Go on with your ideas. I’ll let you finish first before I
say something.” 5. “Have you heard the news about the latest achievement of
our government?” 6. “Hey, how are you? I missed you!” 7. “Best regards to your
parents! See you around!” 8. “Good to see you. Anyway, I came to visit you
because I want to personally offer apologies for what I did yesterday.” 9. “Sorry, I
can’t decide on that now. I am still focused on my writing assignment. Let’s talk
next time, okay?” 10. “Now, it’s your turn to ask questions.”