Lesson 1:

THE PHYSICAL
AND SEXUAL
SELF
Here is where your presentation begins
OBJECTIVES:
AT THE END OF THE DLESSON, YOU WOULD BE ABLE TO:
1. DISCUSS THE DEVELOPMENT ASPECT OF THE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM;
2. DESCRIBE THE EROGENOUS ZONES;
3. EXPLAIN THE HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR;
4. CHARACTERIZE THE DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BAHAVIOR;
5. DESCRIBE THE SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
(STD); AND
6. DIFFERENTIATE NATURARL AND ARTIFICIAL METHODS
OF CONTRACEPTION
INTRODUCTION
WHAT DEFINES A MALE
OR A FEMALE?

DO YOU LIKE WHO YOU

ARE RIGHT NOW?
CHROMOSOMES
MALE - XY
FEMALE - XX

GONADS - FORM ON 8 WEEK

INDIFFERENT STAGE- IDENTICAL

REPRODUCYIVE ORGANS
testosterone - steroid hormone that helps to
produce male reproductive system

estrogen - steroid hormone that helps to

produce and maintain the female reproductive
system
Hermaphrodites have external genitalia and gonads of
both genders.

Pseudohermaphrodites have external phenotypes

opposite the genotype but internal genitalia
consistent with the genotype.

Cryptochidism a condition in which one or both of the

testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum.
What is the XO genotype?

Turner syndrome occurs when females

inherit only one X chromosome-their
genotype is X0. If they survive to birth,
these girls have abnormal growth
patterns.
What is Phimosis?

Phimosis is a condition of the male foreskin where

the skin is tight and unable to retract back behind
the head of the penis.
PUBERTY
PUBERTY
- age 10 - 15
- increase of testosterone for male and female in
estrogen
- it is the time where reproductive system
becomes functional
MENOPAUSE
• oftenly occures during the age of 45-55
• Breast and reproductive organs begin to
strophy
• irritability and mood swings
 TWO TYPES OF
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
 SOLITARY BEHAVIOR
 itself; alone: one solitary
house
masturbation-
 Self-gratification
erotic toys-
 self-stimulation thoughts and fantasies-
 sexual climax
SOCIOSEXUAL BEHAVIOR

PETTING COITUS
 hugging  sexual
 kissing intercourse.
 prelude to coitus  oral
 femoral
 mammary
SOCIOSEXUAL BEHAVIOR
EROTIC
depending on the context in which the
behavior occurs.
 KISSING
 GESTURE OR INTIMACY
 FORM OF RESPECT OR REVERENCE
 PHYSCIOLOGY OF HUMAN SEXUAL
RESPONSE
1. EXCITEMENT PHASE - your blood pressure,
heart rate, breating, and temperature goes up.
 Your nipples, labia, and clitoris fill with blood and become
more sensitive.
 Your penis gets harder and stands up (this is also called
getting an erection) Your vagina lubricates (gets wet) and
expands.

●
 PHYSCIOLOGY OF HUMAN SEXUAL
RESPONSE
2. PLATEAU PHASE - excitement or
sexual arousal phase, and is characterised
by increased heart and respiratory rates,
increased sexual pleasure, increased
muscle tension, and is followed by
orgasm.
 PHYSCIOLOGY OF HUMAN SEXUAL
RESPONSE
3. SEXUAL CLIMAX- abrut, intense pleasure,
rapid increase in pulse rate and blood pleasure.
 Contractions of the female reproductive organ
and ejaculation by male.
 involuntary vocalizations
 only last few seconds

●
 PHYSCIOLOGY OF HUMAN SEXUAL
RESPONSE
4. RESOLUTION PHASE- the body slowly
returns to its normal level of functioning, and
swelled and erect body parts return to their
previous size and color. This phase is marked by
a general sense of well-being, enhanced
intimacy and, often, fatigue.
●
 NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTORS

●Our nervous system is

involved in controlling the
involuntary responces.
 NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTORS

●CEREBROSPINAL NERVE

● MUSCLES STIMULI
●
●SPINAL CORD BRAIN
 NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTORS

●STIMULUS
●CAPABLE OF INITIATING
REACTION. THE SEXUAL
RESPONSE.
 NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTORS

●CEREBROSPINAL NERVE
● TRANSMIT THE MESSAGES
TO THE BRAIN.

●
 NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTORS

●BRAIN
●WILL INTERPRET THE SENSORY MESSAGE
AND DICTATE WHAT WILL BE THE IMMIDIATE
AND APPROPRIATE RESPONSE OF THE BODY.
●THE CEREBROSPINAL NERVES RECIEVED
THAT COMMAND AND SEND THEM TO THE
MUSCLES.
 NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTORS

● SPINAL CORD
●SERVES AS A TRANSMISSION CABLE.
●carry messages between your brain and the rest of your body.
●MUSCLES
●This movement may be voluntary (meaning the movement is
made consciously) or done without our conscious awareness
(involuntary).
 NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTORS

●When we're sexually aroused, the limbic system

within the brain is flooded with a surge of
neurochemicals – these are the chemical messengers
that forge emotions, feelings of attachment and even
love. Your overall pleasure depends on the release of
these chemicals, which determine the intensity of
your sexual climax.
 NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTORS

●When we're sexually aroused, the limbic system

within the brain is flooded with a surge of
neurochemicals – these are the chemical messengers
that forge emotions, feelings of attachment and even
love. Your overall pleasure depends on the release of
these chemicals, which determine the intensity of
your sexual climax.
 SEXUAL PROBLEMS

●ERICTILE DYSFUNCTION
●INABILITY OF MALE TO COME UP OR
MAINTAIN AN ERECTION.

●PREMATURE EJACULATION
●INABILITY TO CONTROL THE TIMING OF
EJACULATION
 SEXUAL PROBLEMS

●INHIBITED EJACULATION
●IN MEN, NOT ABLE TO EJACULATE
IN WOMEN, LACK OF ORGASM.

●TWO TYPES
1. INHIBITED SEXUAL DESIRE
2. VAGINISMUS
 SEXUAL PROBLEMS

1. INHIBITED SEXUAL DESIRE-

●no motivation or restricted to have sex.

2. VAGINISMUS-strong spasm of the pelvic

musculature constricting the female reproductive
organ so that penetratino is painful or impassible
 STD
SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED
DISEASES
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
1. CHLAMYDIA
2. GONORRHEA
3. SYPHILIS
4. CHANCROID
5. HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
6. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
7. TRICHOMONAS VAHINALIS
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
CHLAMYDIA
The Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium is most
commonly spread through vaginal, oral and anal sex.
It's also possible for pregnant women to spread
chlamydia to their children during delivery, causing
pneumonia or a serious eye infection in the
newborns.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
●CHLAMYDIA
• Painful urination.
• Vaginal discharge in women.
• Discharge from the penis in men.
• Painful sexual intercourse in women.
• Bleeding between periods and after sex in
women.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
GONORRHEA
is caused by the bacterium Neisseria
gonorrhoeae. The gonorrhea bacteria are
most often passed from one person to another
during sexual contact, including oral, anal or
vaginal intercourse.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
●GONORRHEA
• greater frequency or urgency of urination.
• a pus-like discharge or drip from your penis (this discharge
could be yellow, white, beige, or greenish)
• discoloration and swelling at the penis opening.
• testicular swelling or pain.
• itching and soreness in your anus.
• rectal bleeding or discharge.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
SYPHILIS
bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact.
The disease starts as a painless sore — typically on
the genitals, rectum or mouth. Spreads from person
to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with
these sores.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
SYPHILIS
bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact.
The disease starts as a painless sore — typically on
the genitals, rectum or mouth. Spreads from person
to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with
these sores.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
CHANCROID
caused by the bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi and
results in painful, superficial ulcers, often with regional
lymphadenopathy. Chancroid occurs in Asia, Africa,
and the Caribbean, and is an important cofactor of
HIV transmission. The genital ulcer from chancroid is
painful, tender, and nonindurated.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
CHANCROID
• painful urination
• vaginal discharge
• rectal bleeding
• pain with bowel movements
• dyspareunia.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
HUMAN PAPILLAMAVIRUS (HPV)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the name of a
very common group of viruses. They do not
cause any problems in most people, but some
types can cause genital warts or cancer. HPV
affects the skin. There are more than 100
different types.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
HUMAN PAPILLAMAVIRUS (HPV)
HPV does not usually cause any symptoms.

 Most people who have it do not realise and do not

have any problems.

 But sometimes the virus can cause painless growths

or lumps around your vagina, penis or anus
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
HUMAN PAPILLAMAVIRUS (HPV)
affect the mouth, throat or genital area. They're easy
to catch.
You can get HPV from:
• any skin-to-skin contact of the genital area
• vaginal, anal or oral sex
• sharing sex toys
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
●HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV)
●Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV), known
as herpes, is common globally. HSV type 1 (HSV-1)
is typically transmitted by oral-to-oral contact and
causes infection in or around the mouth (oral
herpes), but it can also cause genital herpes. HSV-2
is mainly sexually transmitted and causes genital
herpes.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
●HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV)
• Pain or itching. You may experience pain and tenderness in
your genital area until the infection clears.
• Small red bumps or tiny white blisters. These may appear
a few days to a few weeks after infection.
• Ulcers. These may form when blisters rupture and ooze or
bleed. ...
• Scabs.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
●TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
●Trichomoniasis is caused by a one-celled
protozoan, a type of tiny parasite called
Trichomonas vaginalis. The parasite passes
between people during genital contact, including
vaginal, oral or anal sex. The infection can be
passed between men and women, women, and
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
●TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
• Itching, burning, redness or soreness of the
genitals
• Discomfort when peeing
• A clear, white, yellowish, or greenish vaginal
discharge (i.e., thin discharge or increased
volume) with a fishy smell.
 NATURAL AND
ARTIFICIAL METHODS
OF CONTRACEPTION
NATURAL
METHODS OF
CONTRACEPTION
 NATURAL METHOD
a. ABSTINECE
●simply not having sexual intercourse. If you're
abstinent, it means you've decided not to have sex
- this includes vaginal, oral and anal sex.
Abstinence prevents pregnancy by not giving the
opportunity for semen to enter the vagina.
 NATURAL METHOD
a. CALENDAR METHOD
 NATURAL METHOD
b. CALENDAR METHOD
●or rhythm method is a form of natural family
planning.
●You track your menstrual history to predict
when you'll ovulate. This helps you determine
when you're most likely to conceive.
 NATURAL METHOD
c. BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE
●natural family planning that requires only the
purchase of a very accurate thermometer. The
method, which calls for tracking the woman's
body temperature on a daily basis, helps to
determine which days of the month she is fertile.
 NATURAL METHOD
c. BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE
●After a woman ovulates (releases an egg from the
ovary), her body temperature rises slightly. While
tracking the basal body temperature during multiple
menstrual cycles cannot actually predict when you are
going to ovulate, it can help to establish a pattern. You
will then be able to understand when you are likely to
ovulate.
 NATURAL METHOD
c. BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE
 NATURAL METHOD
d. CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
 NATURAL METHOD
d. CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
●Also called the Billings Ovulation Method,
the cervical mucus method is based on
careful observation of mucus patterns
during your menstrual cycle.
 NATURAL METHOD
d. CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD
●Before ovulation, cervical secretions change —
creating an environment that helps sperm travel
through the cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes to the
egg. By recognizing changes in your cervical mucus,
you can try to pinpoint when you're likely to ovulate
— and when you're most likely to conceive.
 NATURAL METHOD
e. SYMPTOTHERMAL METHOD
●combination of the BBT method and the
cervical method. She should abstain from
coitus three days after a rise in her
temperature or on the fourth day after the
peak of a mucus change
 NATURAL METHOD
f. OVULATION DETECTION
●An ovulation home test is used by women. It
helps determine the time in the menstrual cycle
when getting pregnant is most likely. The test
detects a rise in luteinizing hormone (LH) in the
urine. A rise in this hormone signals the ovary to
release the egg.
 NATURAL METHOD
g. COITUS INTERRUPTUS
●sexual intercourse in which the
penis is withdrawn before
ejaculation.
ARTIFICIAL
METHODS OF
CONTRACEPTION
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
a. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
●are known also as the Pill, OCs, BCs, BC tablets,
or birth control pills. This medicine usually
contains two types of hormones, estrogens and
progestins and, when taken properly, prevents
pregnancy. It works by stopping a woman's egg
from fully developing each month.
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
b. TRANSDERMAL PATCH
● adhere to the skin as a way to deliver
drugs. They provide a specific,
predetermined dose of medication that is
absorbed through the skin and into the
bloodstream.
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●b. TRANSDERMAL PATCH
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●c. VAGINAL RING
●a soft plastic ring that is inserted into the vagina
to prevent pregnancy. The ring releases the
hormones oestrogen and progestogen, which are
absorbed through the walls of the vagina. These
are the same hormones used in the combined oral
contraceptive pill, but at a lower dose.
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●c.VAGINAL RING
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●d. SUBDERMAL IMPLANTS
●involve the delivery of a steroid progestin from
polymer capsules or rods placed under the skin.
The hormone diffuses out slowly at a stable rate,
providing contraceptive effectiveness for 1-5 years.
The period of protection depends upon the specific
progestin and the type of polymer.
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●d. SUBDERMAL IMPLANTS
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●e. HORMONAL INJECTIONS
●prevents pregnancy by injecting a synthetic version
of the hormone progestogen, called Depot
medroxyprogesterone acetate, or DMPA. The
injection is also called Depo. Depo prevents the body
from producing its own hormones and releasing eggs
from the ovaries.
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●d. HORMONAL INJECTIONS
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●f. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE
●An IUD is a small T-shaped plastic and copper
device that's put into your womb (uterus) by a
doctor or nurse. It releases copper to stop you
getting pregnant, and protects against pregnancy for
between 5 and 10 years.
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●f. INTRAUTERINE DEVICE
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●g. CHEMICAL BARRIERS
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●h. DIAPHRAGM
●A contraceptive diaphragm is a circular
dome made of thin, soft silicone that's
inserted into the vagina before sex. It covers
the cervix so sperm cannot get into the womb
(uterus) to fertilise an egg.
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●h. DIAPHRAGM
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●i. CERVICAL CAP
●The cervical cap keeps sperm from entering the
uterus by covering the cervix. For added
protection, spermicide is put into the cap before
inserting the cap snugly over the cervix. The cap
can be put in several hours before having sex, and
must be left in at least 6 hours after sex.
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●i. CERVICAL CAP
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●j. MALE CONDOMS
●Condoms are made from very thin latex
(rubber), polyisoprene or polyurethane and
are designed to stop your semen from coming
into contact with your sexual partner.
ARTIFICIAL METHODS
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●k. FEMALE CONDOMS
●Female condoms are a barrier method of
contraception worn inside the vagina. They
prevent pregnancy by stopping sperm
meeting an egg. A female condom can be put
into the vagina before sex
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●k. FEMALE CONDOMS
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●l. SURGICAL METHOD
●A minor surgical operation, which involves the
tying and cutting of the fallopian tubes in order to
prevent the egg released by the ovary from being
fertilized by sperm. involves sealing off or
blocking a woman's fallopian tubes. It is also
referred to as tubal ligation or 'having your tubes
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●l. SURGICAL METHOD
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
●l. SURGICAL METHOD
●A vasectomy is an operation that prevents sperm
travelling from the testicles to the penis. It is done
by cutting the tubes that allow sperm to leave the
testicles. This process is also known as male
sterilisation, or 'the snip'. Vasectomy is more than
99 per cent effective at preventing pregnancy.
 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
l. SURGICAL METHOD
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