Summative Test

1 min per question

1. All of the following are the effects of
disasters EXCEPT ___________

• a. can destroy health infrastructure

b. can cause an unexpected number of
deaths
c. can have adverse effects on the
environment
d. can cause the ability of every specie to
reproduce
2. Which of the following is NOT an example of
man-caused hazard?

a. mutiny
b. genocide
c. earthquake
d. bombs or explosions
3. It is defined as the source of danger and something that may
cause injury or harm. It is also the uncertain course of events in
a country.

• a. disaster
• b. hazard
• c. risk
• d. phenomenon
4. Which of the following category is a man-made
hazard?

• a. storm surges
• b. flooded coastal areas
• c. Landslide on Mining sites
• d. Oil Spills from shipping boat
5. Which of the following is NOT included in
the phases of disaster?

• a. recovery phase
• b. mitigation phase
• c. emergency phase
• d. response phase
6. During the initial stage of a disaster, almost all surface
means of transportation within the community are disrupted
by broken bridges, roads, and streets that are rendered
impassable by landslides or floods. The restricted mobility of
vehicles makes rescue and other emergency operations doubly
difficult. What is this impact/ effect of disaster?

• a. economic impact
• b. social and political impact
• c. damage to critical facilities
• d. disruption of transportation
7. Which of the following variables will NOT determine
the elements in identifying disaster risk?

• a. coping capacity
• b. population explosion
• c. vulnerability to a hazard
• d. hazard (natural or man-made)
8. Which of the following is NOT an element which
causes disaster?

• a. exposure
b. hazard
c. risk
d. vulnerability
9. Which of the following BEST describes hazard?

• a. loss of life or injury naturally

• b. a phenomenon or human activity
• c. potentially damaging physical event
• d. reduction of vulnerability and exposure
It refers to the changes that can be attributed “directly
or indirectly to human activity altering the composition
of the global atmosphere and additionally to the natural
climate variability observed over comparable periods of
time”?

• a. deforestation
• b. climate change
• c. global warming
• d. carbon footprint
11. Unwillingness to assume their roles and responsibilities in governing
disaster risk unit, falls under which of the following risk factors?

• a. climate change
• b. weak governance
• c. poverty and inequality
• d. environmental degradation
12. The occurrence of landslides in the Philippines is increasing.
This kind of disaster will fall under which of the following risks?

• a. poverty and inequality

• b. climate change and weak governance
• c. climate change and environmental
degradation
• d. climate change and globalized economic
development
14. The ages below are average years ranges affected
by specific situations happening as a disaster occurs.
Which of the following age ranges are “Most Stressed-
Out” after a disaster according to Asian Disaster
Preparedness Center (ADPC)?

• a. 16-20
• b. 20-30
• c. 30-40
• d. 40-60
15. Which of the following is NOT a contributor to the worst
outcomes when a disaster happened?

• a. displacement
• b. can handle stress
• c. death of someone close
• d. massive loss of property
16. Which of the following risk factors is the result in an increased
polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale?

• a. climate change
• b. poverty and inequality
• c. environmental degradation
• d. globalized economic development
Part 2.

Enumerate the Disaster Management

Cycle (8 points). Describe each. (FOR 5
MINUTES)
 Disasters from
Different Perspectives
Lesson 4
Identify if it is a disaster or not.

• _____ 1. A landslide in a mountain resort.

• _____ 2. A typhoon traversing a remote and
uninhabited island.
• _____ 3. A volcano erupting 15 km away from a city.
• _____ 4. A mudslide towards a hill foot community.
• _____ 5. A strong earthquake in the city proper of
Calamba.
The Different Perspectives of Disaster

1. Physical perspective
Natural disasters generally affect the physical
infrastructural facilities, agricultural productivity and
even lead to loss of life and cause damage to property.
Various factors influence the effects of a disaster on a
country among them are the magnitude of the
disaster, the geography of the area affected, and the
recovery efforts directed towards reducing the
immediate effects of a disaster.
Effects of Physical Disasters
• - Injuries
• - Physical disabilities or illness
• - Sanitation
• - Damage in infrastructure
 The Different Perspectives of Disaster

• 2. Psychological Perspective
• Disasters are mostly unpredictable, which leave the victims in a state
of shock. They tend to deny the loss and try to escape from reality.
Being in a denial state makes the victims more vulnerable to stress,
anxiety, and other different maladaptive reactions. Death of a closed
one also leaves the victim in a state of insecurity because the sense
of love, attachment and belongingness are deprived.
Psychological effects of a Disaster:
• distress hopelessness
• intrusion/avoidance emotional effects
• hatred/revenge cognitive Effects
• dependence/insecurities physical Effects
• grief/withdrawn/isolation interpersonal effect
• guilt feeling helplessness
• lack of trust
The Different Perspectives of Disaster

• 3. Socio-cultural Perspective
Filipinos are generally known as “matiisin”, resourceful, helpful, optimistic,
and prayerful. These characteristics are manifested in the country’s recent
fight against COVID19.Due to the National Health Emergency, Enhanced
Community Quarantine (ECQ) prevailed in the whole country. A lot of people
temporarily lost their jobs, some people stranded in different regions,
repatriated OFWs were held in different quarantine facilities in Metro Manila,
and all people were restricted to go out of their homes for months. As a result,
most Filipino families would rely on government’s help for them to get by.
However, limited resources and aids from the government make people find
possible ways to survive amid the pandemic.
Socio-Cultural Effect of Disasters
• ➢ change in individual roles
• ➢ disruption of social relationships
and personal connections
 The Different Perspectives of Disaster

4. Economic Perspective
• Disasters affect the economic condition of a community
because they reduce local and international trade. It can also
partially or totally paralyze a country’s transportation
system, just like what happened in the COVID19 pandemic.
Implementation of a partial and total shut down of local
business operations result to a lot of people losing means of
living.
Economic Effects of Disasters
• - loss of life
• - unemployment
• - loss of property
• -loss of household articles
• - loss of crops
• - loss of public infrastructure
The Different Perspectives of Disaster

• 5. Political Perspective
Natural disasters are commonly thought to be less
politically argumentative than armed conflicts, yet a
closer look shows that both the effects of a natural
disaster and the resulting distribution of
humanitarian aid are profoundly linked to politics.
Political Effects of a Disaster
• - People who have trust in political institution will assess the
government’s risk assessments as credible and accept their hazard
policies (Johnson 1999)
• - Low level of trust in public institutions therefore means that citizens
may ignore the recommendations and disregard the information provided
by these institutions (McCaffey 2004).
• - If individuals are confident that they will receive sufficient aid from the
government when a disaster occurs, they might not be motivated to take
measures on their own (King and Kang 2000).
 The Different Perspectives of Disaster

6. Biological Perspective
The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind of disease or virus
in an epidemic or pandemic level is known as biological disaster.
• (a) Epidemic Level: Biological disaster affects large numbers of
people within a given community or area. Ex: Dengue.
• (b) Pandemic Level: Biological disaster affects a much large region,
sometime spanning entire continents or the globe
ex. Swine Flu
Effects of Biological Disasters
• loss of lives
• public demobilization
• negative economic effect
• unemployment
• hunger