1st Quarter General Mathematics

Week 1
Lesson: Functions and their
Representations

I. Preliminaries
A. Content Standards:
The learner demonstrates understanding of the key concepts of functions.

B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to accurately construct mathematical models to represent real-life
situations using functions.

C. Most Essential Learning Competencies

1. represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions.

2. evaluates a function.
3. performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and composition of function.
4. solves problems involving functions.

II. Content:

Functions and their Representations

 Concept Notes

Definition: A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the

domain) to a second set of values (called the range).

A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x,y).

Definition: A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only
one value in the range by some rule.
A function is a set of ordered pairs (x,y) such that no two ordered pairs have the same
x-value but different y-values. Using functional notation, we can write f(x) = y, read as “f of
x is equal to y.” In particular, if (1, 2) is an ordered pair associated with the function f, then
we say that f(2) = 1.
Example 1. Which of the following relations are functions?
f = { ( 1 , 2 ) ( 2 , 3 ) ( 3 , 5 ) ( 4 , 7 ) }
g = { ( 1 , 3 ) ( 1 , 4 ) ( 2 , 5 ) ( 2 , 6 ) ( 3 , 7 ) }
h = { ( 1 , 3 ) ( 2 , 6 ) ( 3 , 9 ) … ( n , 3 n ) }
Solution.
The relations f and h are functions because no two ordered pairs have the same x-
value but different y-values. Meanwhile, g is not a function because (1,3) and (1,4) are
ordered pairs with the same x-value but different y-values.

Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams where the elements
of the domain are mapped to the elements of the range using arrows. In this case, the
relation or function is represented by the set of all the connections represented by the arrows.
Example 2. Which of the following mapping diagrams represent functions?

X Y

Solution.
The relations f and g are functions because each value y in Y is unique for a specific value of
x. The relation h is not a function because there is at least one element in X for which there is
more than one corresponding y-value. For example, x=7 corresponds to y = 11 or 13.
Similarly, x=2 corresponds to both y=17 or 19.
A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by a graph in the Cartesian plane,
and that a function passes the vertical line test.

The Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most
once.
 Example 3. Which of the following can be graphs of
functions?

d.

a.

b.

c.

e.
 Solutions: graphs: a, b, and c, are functions, while graphs: d and e are not function
because they not passed the vertical line test.

Important Concepts.

 Relations are rules that relate two values, one from a set of inputs and the
second from the set of outputs.
 Functions are rules that relate only one value from the set of outputs to a value
from the set of inputs.

Functions as representations of real-life situations.

Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an

appropriate functional model will lead to a better understanding of various
phenomena.
Example 5. Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x
meals, if one meal costs P40.
Solution. Since each meal costs P40, then the cost function is C(x) = 40x.
Example 6. One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a
rectangular area next to a river (see figure). Give a function A that can
represent the area that can be enclosed, in terms of x.

RIVE

x
Solution. The area of the rectangular enclosure is A = xy. We will write this as
a function of x. Since only 100 m of fencing is available, then x + 2y = 100
or y = (100 – x)/2 = 50 – 0.5x. Thus, A(x)
= x(50 – 0.5x) = 50x – 0.5x2.

Piecewise functions.

Some situations can only be described by more than one formula,

depending on the value of the independent variable.
Example 7. A user is charged P300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 100 free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged P1 each.
Represent the amount a consumer pays each month as a function of the number of
messages (m) sent in a month.

Solution: Let t(m) represent the amount paid by the consumer each month. It can be
expressed by the piecewise function.

300, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑚
𝑡 (𝑚 ) = { ≤ 100
300 + 𝑚, 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 100

Example 8. A jeepney ride costs P8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each
additional integer kilometer adds P1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to
represent the jeepney fare in terms of the distance (d) in kilometers.
Solution: The input value is distance and the output is the cost of the jeepney fare.
If F(d) represents the fare as a function of distance, the function can be represented
as follows:
8 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑑 ≤ 4
𝐹 (𝑑 ) = { 8 + 1.5(𝑑) 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 > 4
 Solved Examples
1. Is the relation {(0,0), (1,1), (2,4), (3,9), … ( ), …} a function?
Solution.
Yes, it is a function.

Evaluating Functions
Finding Values of Functions
Examples:
A. Given f(x) = 2x2 + 1 , find f(-
2) .
Solution: Substitute the value of x = -2 to the equation of function. f( -
2) = 2( -2)2 + 1

f( -2) = 2 (4) + 1
f( -2) = 8 + 1
f(-2) = 9

B.Given g(x) = √9 − 2𝑥, find g(3).

Solution: Substitute the value of x = 3 to the equation of function. g(x)

= √9 − 2𝑥

g(3) = √ 9 − 2(3)

g(3) = √9 − 6

g(3) = √3
Composition of Functions

The composition of f and g, denoted f0g is defined by the rule (f0g)(x) = f(g(x)) provided that g(x) is in the domain
of f. Note: this rule is vice-versa, it can be f0g also read as “f compose g”, and g0f is also read as “g compose f”.

Example
Given: f(x) =2x + 1, g(x) = x – 2
Solution:
(f0g)(x) = f(g(x))
= f(x – 2)
= 2(x – 2) + 1
= 2x – 4 +1
(f0g)(x) = 2x – 3

Solving Problems Involving Functions

Example:

Express the volume of a 25ft x 15ft rectangular pond as a function of its depth.

Solution: We all know that the volume of rectangular prism is V = lwh, where l is the
length, w is the width and h is the height. Let us determine the dimensions from the given
problem.

L = 25 ft

W = 15 ft

H = is the depth of the pool

V(h) = l w h
V(h) = (25)(15)(h)
V(h) = 375h

Hence, the volume expressed as a function of its depth is v(h) = 375h. Using this
function at any height given can solve the volume of the rectangular pond.

Let us find the volume if the depth is h = 10 ft

V(h) = 375 h
V(10) = 375 (10)
V(10) = 3750 ft3
 Operations on Functions

Let f and g be functions.

(a) Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the function defined by (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x).

(b) Their difference, denoted by f – g, is the function defined by ( f – g)(x) = f(x) – g (x).

(c) Their product, denoted by f. g, is the function defined by (f . g)(x) = f(x) .g(x).

(d)Their quotient, denoted by f/g, is the function defined by (f/g)(x) = f(x) / g(x), excluding the values of x where
g(x) = 0

Examples

1. Given that f(x) = 10x3 + 5x2 – 6x + 5, g(x) = 8x2 – 2x + 10, find;

a. (f + g)(x)
b. (f – g)(x)
Solution: a. (f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)
= (10x3 + 5x2 – 6x + 5) + (8x2 – 2x + 10)
= 10x3 + 13x2 – 8x + 15

b. (f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)

= (10x3 + 5x2 – 6x + 5) – (8x2 – 2x + 10)
= 10x3 + 5x2 – 6x + 5 - 8x2 + 2x – 10
= 10x3 – 3x2 – 4x – 5
2. Given that f(x) = 2x – 5 , g(x) = 4x + 3, find (f.g)(x)

Solution: (f. g)(x) = f(x). g(x)

= ( 2x – 5)(4x + 3)
= 8x2 – 20x + 6x – 15
= 8x2 – 14x – 15

3. Find the quotient when; f(x) = x2 + 8x + 12 , g(x) = (2x + 4)

Solution: (f/g)(x) = f(x) / g(x)

𝑥 2 +8𝑥+12
=
2𝑥+4

(𝑥 +2)(𝑥 +6)
=
2(𝑥+2)

(𝑥 +6)
=
2
 Activity 2: Review
Function or Not!

Directions: Determine whether which are function and which are not. Write F if function and
NF for not function.

1. (1, 2), ( 3,4)(5, 6)(7, 8)

2. ( 2, 3) (2, 4) (5, 6) (7, 8)
3. ( 2, 5) (3, 5) ( 4, 7) (6, 8)
4. (1, 4) ( 2, 5) (3, 6) (3, 7)
5. (1,8) (2, 9) (3, 10)

Activity 3: Review
Function or Not!

Directions: Determine which graph is a function and which are not.

 Activity 4: Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the table of values for each of the following

functions.
1. y = 2x – 7
x 0 1 2 3 4
y

2. y = x2 – 4x + 1
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y

3. y = 3x2
x 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
y

4. y = 6x – 2
x 0 1 2 3 4
y
 Activity 5: Solve Me!

Directions: Solve each of the following problems.

1. Evaluate the function g(x) = 4x2 – 12x – 40, when x = -3

2.Given the function f(x) = 3x2 – 5x, g(x) = 8x2 + 7x, find; (a).
(f + g)(x)
(b) (g – f)(x)
(c) (f . g)(x)
3. The function f(x) = 2x + 7, and h(x) = 6x – 9, find;
(a). f(h(x))
(b). h(f(x))
(c). f(h(-2))
(d). h(f( 4))
 Activity 6: Construct Me!

Directions: Write a function that will represent each of the

following situations.

1. The cost of a flower base is P 420 per piece. Write a function that
represents the total amount per costs.

2. Mr. Garcia needs to build a fish pond, for fishery purposes. The
dimension of the lot is 20 meters by 25 meters, where 20m is the length
and the width is 25m. Express the volume as a function of its depth.
(a). Find the volume of the fish pond if the height is 10 meters. (b).
Find the volume of the fish pond if the height is 20 meters.
 Seatwork No. 1

Directions: Tell whether each of the following is a function or not.

1. 3. A = { ( 1, 0) (2, 0) (5, 1)}
X 1 2 3 4
Y 2 4 6 8

2. 4. C = {(1, -1)(1, 2) (3, 0)}

X 1 2 3 4

Y 4 6 8 10

Seatwork No. 2

Directions: Evaluate the following functions

Given f(x) = x – 2, find the following values.

(a) f(0) (d) f(6)

(b) f(3) (e) f(x + 1)

(c) f( -1) (f) f(3x)

 Seatwork No. 3

I. Directions: Perform the indicated operation

Given that f(x) = 8x2 – 4x, g(x) = 2x – 4 ,

Find the following;

(a) (f + g)(x)
(b) (f – g)(x)
(c) (f . g)(x)
(d) (f/ g)(x)

II. Directions: Evaluate each of the following composition of functions.

Given that f(x) = 2x + 3, g(x) = 6x – 2 , h(x) = 7x + 1, find;

1. f(g(x))

2. g(f(x))

3. h(f(x))

4. f(g(h(x))

5. g(h(f(x))
 Seatwork No. 4

Directions: Solve each of the following problems.

1.The consumer of load wants to know how to estimate his load expenses per month, he is
availing load card for Php 200 and consumes this load within a range of 6 – 7 days. Write a
function that represents the load expenses of a consumer.

2.The construction worker is planning to make a rectangular container of water for construction
purposes, its dimension is 7 meters long and 8 meters width and the depth depends on the
amount of water is needed. Write a function that will represents the volume of a rectangular
container.

3.Anna does jogging every day in a circular lot with a circumference of 120 meters. She is
continuously running for 30 minutes again and again within the circumference of a lot. Write a
function that will represent the total distance run by Anna.

4. A videoke machine can be rented for P1, 000 for three days, but for the fourth day onwards,
an additional cost of P 400 per day is added. Write a piecewise function that will represent the
rented and number of days of videoke machine.
 Activity 6: Math Journal

Directions: Answer the following questions

1. How function is related to real-life situation? Cite a scenario or example how function is
related to real-life situation.

2. Explain the importance of functions to real- life situation.