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Python Inheritance

Inheritance allows a child class to inherit properties from a parent class. A child class inherits all data members and functions of the parent class and can provide its own specific implementations. Python supports multiple inheritance where a child class can inherit from multiple parent classes. Method overriding allows a child class to provide a specific implementation of a method defined in the parent class. Data abstraction in Python allows hiding attributes by prefixing them with double underscores.

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421 views

Python Inheritance

Inheritance allows a child class to inherit properties from a parent class. A child class inherits all data members and functions of the parent class and can provide its own specific implementations. Python supports multiple inheritance where a child class can inherit from multiple parent classes. Method overriding allows a child class to provide a specific implementation of a method defined in the parent class. Data abstraction in Python allows hiding attributes by prefixing them with double underscores.

Uploaded by

Sarvesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Inheritance

Inheritance
• Inheritance is an important aspect of the object-
oriented paradigm. Inheritance provides code
reusability to the program because we can use an
existing class to create a new class instead of
creating it from scratch.
• In inheritance, the child class acquires the properties
and can access all the data members and functions
defined in the parent class. A child class can also
provide its specific implementation to the functions
of the parent class
Syntax

class derived-class(base class):  
    <class-suite>   

class derive-class(<base class 1>, <base class 2>, ..... <base class n>):  
    <class - suite>   
Example 1

class Animal:  
    def speak(self):  
        print("Animal Speaking")  
#child class Dog inherits the base class Animal  
class Dog(Animal):  
    def bark(self):  
        print("dog barking")  
d = Dog()  
d.bark()  
d.speak()  
Python Multi-Level inheritance

• Multi-Level inheritance is possible in python


like other object-oriented languages. Multi-
level inheritance is archived when a derived
class inherits another derived class. There is
no limit on the number of levels up to which,
the multi-level inheritance is archived in
python.
Syntax

class class1:  
    <class-suite>   
class class2(class1):  
    <class suite>  
class class3(class2):  
    <class suite>  
.  
.  
Example

class Animal:  
    def speak(self):  
        print("Animal Speaking")  
#The child class Dog inherits the base class Animal  
class Dog(Animal):  
    def bark(self):  
        print("dog barking")  
#The child class Dogchild inherits another child class Dog  
class DogChild(Dog):  
    def eat(self):  
        print("Eating bread...")  
d = DogChild()  
d.bark()  
d.speak()  
d.eat() 
Python Multiple inheritance

• Python provides us the flexibility to inherit


multiple base classes in the child class.
Syntax

class Base1:  
    <class-suite>  
  
class Base2:  
    <class-suite>  
.  
.  
.  
class BaseN:  
    <class-suite>  
  
class Derived(Base1, Base2, ...... BaseN):  
    <class-suite>  
Example

class Calculation1:  
    def Summation(self,a,b):  
        return a+b;  
class Calculation2:  
    def Multiplication(self,a,b):  
        return a*b;  
class Derived(Calculation1,Calculation2):  
    def Divide(self,a,b):  
        return a/b;  
d = Derived()  
print(d.Summation(10,20))  
print(d.Multiplication(10,20))  
print(d.Divide(10,20))  
The issubclass(sub,sup) method

• The issubclass(sub, sup) method is used to


check the relationships between the specified
classes. It returns true if the first class is the
subclass of the second class, and false
otherwise.
Example

class Calculation1:  
    def Summation(self,a,b):  
        return a+b;  
class Calculation2:  
    def Multiplication(self,a,b):  
        return a*b;  
class Derived(Calculation1,Calculation2):  
    def Divide(self,a,b):  
        return a/b;  
d = Derived()  
print(issubclass(Derived,Calculation2))  
print(issubclass(Calculation1,Calculation2))  
The isinstance (obj, class) method

• The isinstance() method is used to check the


relationship between the objects and classes.
It returns true if the first parameter, i.e., obj is
the instance of the second parameter, i.e.,
class.
Example

class Calculation1:  
    def Summation(self,a,b):  
        return a+b;  
class Calculation2:  
    def Multiplication(self,a,b):  
        return a*b;  
class Derived(Calculation1,Calculation2):  
    def Divide(self,a,b):  
        return a/b;  
d = Derived()  
print(isinstance(d,Derived))  
Method Overriding

• We can provide some specific implementation


of the parent class method in our child class.
When the parent class method is defined in
the child class with some specific
implementation, then the concept is called
method overriding. We may need to perform
method overriding in the scenario where the
different definition of a parent class method is
needed in the child class.
Example

class Animal:  
    def speak(self):  
        print("speaking")  
class Dog(Animal):  
    def speak(self):  
        print("Barking")  
d = Dog()  
d.speak()  
Real Life Example of method overriding

class Bank:  
    def getroi(self):  
        return 10;  
class SBI(Bank):   Bank Rate of interest: 10
    def getroi(self):   SBI Rate of interest: 7
        return 7;   ICICI Rate of interest: 8
  
class ICICI(Bank):  
    def getroi(self):  
        return 8;  
b1 = Bank()  
b2 = SBI()  
b3 = ICICI()  
print("Bank Rate of interest:",b1.getroi());  
print("SBI Rate of interest:",b2.getroi());  
print("ICICI Rate of interest:",b3.getroi());  
Data abstraction in python

• Abstraction is an important aspect of object-


oriented programming. In python, we can also
perform data hiding by adding the double
underscore (___) as a prefix to the attribute
which is to be hidden. After this, the attribute
will not be visible outside of the class through
the object.
Example

class Employee:  
    __count = 0;  
    def __init__(self):  
        Employee.__count = Employee.__count+1  
    def display(self):  
        print("The number of employees",Employee.__count)  
emp = Employee()  
emp2 = Employee()  
try:  
    print(emp.__count)   The number of employees 2
AttributeError: 'Employee' object has no attribute '__count'
finally:  
    emp.display()  
Thanks

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