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Performance and Testing of An I. C. Engine With Numericals

1. The document discusses various parameters for measuring internal combustion (IC) engine performance such as indicated power (IP), brake power (BP), and friction power (FP). 2. It describes methods for measuring BP using a rope brake dynamometer or Prony brake dynamometer, and measuring IP using mechanical indicators or electronic indicators. 3. The document also discusses techniques for calculating FP, including using the difference between IP and BP or methods like Willan's line and Morse tests. 4. Finally, it introduces the concept of a heat balance sheet to account for the heat supplied to an engine and how it is utilized or lost.

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Atharva Bapat
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88 views86 pages

Performance and Testing of An I. C. Engine With Numericals

1. The document discusses various parameters for measuring internal combustion (IC) engine performance such as indicated power (IP), brake power (BP), and friction power (FP). 2. It describes methods for measuring BP using a rope brake dynamometer or Prony brake dynamometer, and measuring IP using mechanical indicators or electronic indicators. 3. The document also discusses techniques for calculating FP, including using the difference between IP and BP or methods like Willan's line and Morse tests. 4. Finally, it introduces the concept of a heat balance sheet to account for the heat supplied to an engine and how it is utilized or lost.

Uploaded by

Atharva Bapat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I. C.

Engine Performance parameters

1
I. C. Engine Performance parameters

I.P. = B.P. + F.P.


2
Find I.P.

3
Find B. P.
• Rope brake dynamometer

4
Important parameters

8 5
Quiz
on
I . C. engine Performance parameters

https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?
id=ACxf6DAnpUy42GCbFb1HRrfmUVfTI5VPhgjKLRahs3dU
Mk01TVJCMEk2NVE5VlQ4MEsyWElEUFlZWS4u

6
Power
Measurement
Techniques
7
Methods to measure or calculate F.P.
1. Willan’s line method.
2. Morse test.
3. Difference between I.P. and B.P.

8
MEASUREMENT OF FRICTION POWER

• The difference between indicated power and the


brake power output of an engine is the friction
power.
F.P = I.P. - B.P.

• Almost invariably, the difference between a good


engine and a bad engine is due to difference
between their frictional losses.

• lower friction means availability of more brake


power; hence brake specific fuel consumption is
lower.
9
Willan's Line Method or Fuel Rate Extrapolation

10
Morse test
• This test is only applicable to multi cylinder engines.

• The test consists of making, each cylinder of the engine


making inoperative and noting the reduction in brake
power developed.

• In a petrol engine (gasoline engine), each cylinder is


rendered inoperative by “shorting” the spark plug of the
cylinder to be made inoperative.

• In a Diesel engine, a particular cylinder is made


inoperative by cutting off the supply of fuel.
11
Methods to measure or calculate B.P.
1. Prony brake dynamometer
2. Rope brake dynamometer

12
P= 2𝜋NT/60
Where,
T = W×L
N= Speed in rpm
W = Weight on load carrier, (N)
13
Rope brake dynamometer
• It consists of a number of turns of
rope wound around the rotating
drum attached to the output
shaft.

• One side of the rope is connected


to a spring balance and the other
to a loading device.

• The power is absorbed in friction


between the rope and the drum.

• The drum therefore requires


cooling. 14
Rope brake dynamometer

15
Measurement of indicated power
• It is power of an engine developed within cylinder.

• Indicated power of engine tells about the health of engine &


also gives important information regarding combustion
process.

• In order to determine indicated power it is necessary to plot


PV diagram & cycle pressure.

• The apparatus used to draw indicator diagram is


known indicator

16
Mechanical indicator

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Electronic indicator

• It is directly inserted into cylinder head without projecting into


cylinder, like a spark plug & diaphragm is subjected to cylinder
pressure.
• It works on piezoelectric effect.

• As the cylinder pressure increases the quartz crystal compressed.


• The pressure pickup device called as pressure transducer.
• The transducer element produces electronic signal.

• The signals are too small therefore a pre-amplifying device is used


to display signal.
• It gives inertia free operation.
19
Quiz
on
Power measurement techniques

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id=ACxf6DAnpUy42GCbFb1HRrfmUVfTI5VPhgjKLRahs3dUN
0VTOEJVRzhFVE5DRkNQTFRHQjc0QkxPWS4u

20
Heat Balance Sheet

21
Heat balance sheet
Heat/Energy balance

Heat supplied to the


engine = heat release
by fuel during
combustion

Heat
converted into Heat rejected Heat carried
to cooling away by Heat
useful work unaccounted
(B.P.) water exhaust gases

It is an account of heat supplied and heat utilized in various ways in the system. 22


Heat KJ/min % Heat expenditure KJ/min %
input per per minute
min
Heat 100 1. Heat in B.P.
released by
fuel during
c o m b u s ti o n 2. Heat carried
away by cooling
water

3. Heat carried
away by
exhaust gases

4. Heat
Unaccounted
Total 100 100
23
Thank You

24 24
Quiz
on
Heat Balance Sheet

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id=ACxf6DAnpUy42GCbFb1HRrfmUVfTI5VPhgjKLRahs3dUQ
1dHSkFJWVRLR0hZM0hOMDNaNEJUMDI5Uy4u

25
Numericals
on
Performance and Testing
of an I. C. Engine
26
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• Indicated thermal efficiency

• Brake thermal efficiency

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Solution:

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Determine FP (For 1400 rpm) for data given in table
Mass flow rate (Kg/hr) BP (MW)
0.75 0
2 0.008
4 0.016

60
Determine FP (For 1400 rpm) for data given in table
Mass flow rate (Kg/hr) BP (MW)
0.75 0
2 0.008
4 0.016

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Heat Input KJ/min % Heat expenditure KJ/min %

Heat 100 Heat absorbed in


supplied by B.P
fuel
Heat taken away
by the cooling
water
Heat carried away
by the exhaust gas
Unaccounted heat
loss
Total 100 100

65
Numerical
For reference

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Thank You

24 86

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