What Is Globalization Week 2

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What is Globalization

Prof. Harold B. Pangilinan


Learning Outcomes
 Agree on a working definition of globalization for the
course.
 Differentiate the competing conceptions of globalizations.
 Narrate a personal experience of globalization.
How Globalized is Your Home?

Learning Activity:
 Look around your room/living room and do an Inventory of
everything you have in your possession. List the “things” that
are made in the Philippines, those that are of foreign
brands. List the countries of origin of your foreign-brands
items.

 Why certain products are made in the Philippines while


others are produced abroad?
The images below show how globalized our society is.
Global Experiences

 The development and innovation in


transportation, information and
communication technology, sciences, and
technological advancements have made the
world smaller for all of us. Hence, the phrase,
“the world has shrunk” (Coronacion, et.al,
2018).

 People are have connected themselves to one


another politically, economically and socio-
culturally across borders.
GLOBALIZATION
 Today, globalization is no longer about economic aspect but it
now relates to other various sectors of society.
According to Martinez, et.al (2018), the following are
interrelated sectors which drive globalization:
• Economy
• Military
• Culture
• Ecology
• Politics
• Technology
• Geography
Global Non-Profit Org. Protecting the ENVIRONMENT
WWF
350.org
Greenpeace
Earth Island Institute
Rainforest Action Network
Friends of the Earth
Global Footprint Network
Earth Day Network
Natural Resources Defense Council
Rainforest Alliance
Earthjustice
The Climate Reality Project
Restore The Earth
C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
Fairtrade International
Earthworks
Environmental Defense Fund
Conservation International
The Carbon Underground
Green Cross International
Global Non-Profit Org. Protecting the ENVIRONMENT

“350 is building a future that’s just, prosperous,


equitable and safe from the effects of climate change.”

-350.org org is one of the largest global movements


addressing the issue of climate change. Their goal is to
reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide to 350ppm from the
current level of 400 ppm. They work in almost every
country in the world on campaigns like fighting coal
power plants in India, stopping the Keystone XL pipeline
in the U.S, and divesting public institutions everywhere
from fossil fuels.

“Greenpeace exists because this fragile earth


deserves a voice.”

The organization has a general consultative status with


the United Nations Economic and Social Council.
International Organizations in the World of Politics

To protect all rights and freedoms set


forth in the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights.

Act for the maintenance of international


peace.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals


with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main
function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly,
predictably and freely as possible
International Organizations in the World of Politics

United Nations
General Assembly
(UNGA) voted on a
resolution
condemning Russia’s
invasion of Ukraine.
GLOBALIZATION

 1. Globalization is the process of expansion and


intensification of social relations and consciousness
across world-time and across world-space. Expansion
refers to the creation of new social networks and the
multiplication of existing connections that cut across
traditional political, economic, cultural, and
geographic boundaries. On the other hand,
intensification pertains to the expansion, stretching,
and acceleration of these networks. (Steger, 2013:15
as cited by Claudio & Abinales, 2018:7-8)
GLOBALIZATION

 2. According to Levin Institute (2016), globalization is


the process of interaction and integration among the
people, companies, and governments of different
nations, a process driven by international trade and
investments and aided by information technology. (as
cited by Martinez, et.al, 2018:2)
GLOBALIZATION

 3. It is usually related to global management and


market integration. It consists of three interrelated
factors: (1) proximity; (2) location; and (3) attitude.
(Abelos, et.al, 2018)
GLOBALIZATION

PROXIMITY LOCATION ATTITUDE


“across boundaries”
“shrinking globe”  
“nothing is
   there is transnational overseas
 refers to the closer access of management where companies
people in sharing information or organizations are operating anymore”
and having interaction. across borders.  open attitude and willingness
in management and
participation to various
transactions internationally.
Positive and Negative Aspects of Globalization

Positive Impacts Negative Impacts


gives access to larger market causes environmental damage
provides cheaper goods for causes fluctuation of prices
consumers job insecurity
it lets countries do what they do
best
leads to better economies
promotes world peace and unity
innovation
better quality and variety
The Answer: SGDs

 The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also


known as the Global Goals, were adopted by the
United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action
to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure
that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and
prosperity.
The Answer: SGDs
The Globalization of World Economics
Intended Outcomes:

Define economic globalization and identify


the actors that facilitate economic
globalization and articulate their stance in
global economic integration
GLOBALIZATION IS A REALITY OF MODERN LIFE

The opening of
International Borders to
increase of fast flows of
goods, services, people
and ideas (information).
Free Trade

ABC TRADE AGREEMENT


Free Trade

Principles:

A  REDUCE Tariffs
(Tax on the Product/s)vital in all Trade Agreement
 REDUCE Non-Tariff Barriers
(Quotas, Exports Subsidies, Licensing Requirements)
B  NON Discrimination Policy
 NATIONAL Treatment Rules
C (No Special Rules/Any Product cannot be treated any
differently than the domestically produced)
 Reciprocity
 Exceptions

ABC TRADE AGREEMENT


Free Trade

Principles:

A  REDUCE Tariffs
(Tax on the Product/s)vital in all Trade Agreement
 REDUCE Non-Tariff Barriers
(Quotas, Exports Subsidies, Licensing Requirements)
B  NON Discrimination Policy
 NATIONAL Treatment Rules
C (No Special Rules/Any Product cannot be treated any
differently than the domestically produced)
 Reciprocity
 Exceptions

ABC TRADE AGREEMENT


Free Trade

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

WTO Agreement (Place/Put all these Principles/Rules)


A
FREE TRADE IS BUILT
-based from negotiated agreement between
B States.

ABC TRADE AGREEMENT


FREE TRADE AND WORLD PEACE

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

A
Free Trade – has POLITICAL COMPONENT

THE MORE FREE TRADE THERE IS IN THE WORLD, THE


B MORE PEACEFUL THE WORLD WILL BECOME

ABC TRADE AGREEMENT


The Bretton Woods System
The Modern Era of FREE Trade
started in 1944

The Bretton Woods System


In July 1944, the Bretton Woods Conference was
conducted and started the new international economic
framework. It was participated by delegates from 44
countries at Bretton Woods, Hampshire, United States
The Bretton Woods System
The Modern Era of FREE Trade
started in 1944

The Bretton Woods System


In July 1944, the Bretton Woods Conference was
participated by delegates from 44 countries at Bretton
Woods, Hampshire, United States

How do we Create an Economy that


Fosters and Necessitates world
peace?
The Bretton Woods System
Bretton Woods Conference was conducted and
started the new international economic
framework. It was participated by delegates from
44 countries at Bretton Woods, Hampshire, United
States
Created the two international economic
organizations:
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank.

The main purpose of this institutions is to address


the Great Depression caused by the Second World
War. (Coronacion, et.al, 2018) In addition to these
two institutions, the World Trade Organization is
also result of this new framework.
IMF and World Bank
The IMF’s fundamental mission is to ensure the stability of
the international monetary system. It does so in three ways:
keeping track of the global economy and the economies of
member countries; lending to countries with balance of
payments difficulties; and giving practical help to members.

The World Bank is also known as the International


Bank for Reconstruction and the Development. Its
primary purpose is to provide long-term loans
for the economic development of developing
countries and reconstruction of those affected
countries caused by the war. (Coronacion, et.al,
2018)
World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization


(WTO) is the only global
international organization
dealing with the rules of trade
between nations. At its heart are
the WTO agreements, negotiated
and signed by the bulk of the
world’s trading nations and
ratified in their parliaments.

The goal is to ensure that trade


flows as smoothly, predictably
and freely as possible.
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE

The General Agreement on


Tariffs and Trade (GATT), signed
on October 30, 1947, by 23
countries, was a legal agreement
minimizing barriers to
international trade by
eliminating or reducing quotas,
tariffs, and subsidies while
preserving significant
regulations.
Economic Interdependence
An Economic Activity in one
part of the country/world
that affects what happens
elsewhere.

e.g.
 Germany needed France for Its Coal
and France Needed Germany for its
Steel.

 If a Professional Sports Team moves to


a new country/city. That can affect
thousands of people by creating jobs
for the people who park cars, sell
tickets, serve foods, and apparel.

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