Dr.Udayakumar.

HM
MBA, MA, M.Ed., M.Phil. Ph.D., KSET
Assistant Professor
Department of Humanities
M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology
Bengaluru, Karnataka-54
 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH
BE-Semester: 1

Term: 31.12.2021 to 31.03.2022

Course Code: HS12 Credits: 1:0:1

 COURSE OUTCOMES

Students will be able to

1. Understand the basic concepts of Communication.
(PO10, PO12)
2. Inculcate Listening & Speaking Skills accurately.
(PO10, PO12)
3. Develop reading skills, writing skills & grammar
accuracy. (PO9, PO10, PO12)
4. Reinforce human values and cultural sensibilities.
(PO9, PO12)
5. Learn the life skills required for self-management.
(PO9, PO12)
 COURSE ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
What To When/ W here Max Evidence Contributing
  Whom (Frequency in Marks Collected to Course
      the course)     Outcomes
C Internal Students Two Tests (Average 30 Blue Books 1 to 5
I assessment   of the two      
E tests   will be      
      computed)      
  Assignment-1 (10) Answering
  Creative writing   Assignment
  Lab Component Students Assignment-2 (10) 20 Questions. 1 to 5
 
  ----- ----- ----- ------
    ------ ------ ---- ----

S End of course
E Standard (Answering 5 of Answer
E examination 10 questions) scripts
  Students Middle of the Feedback
  Feedback Students Course 100 Forms 1 to 5

End of course - Questionnaire --

End of course        
  Survey          
 EVALUATION METHOD
CIE-Test Marks Lo Co Marks Final Marks
Test: 1 30 1 to 5 1 to 5 30 30
Test: 2 30 1 to 5 1 to 5 30 30
  60 Average 30 30

CIE- Marks Lo Co Marks Final Marks

Assignment
Assignment: 1 10 1 to 5 1 to 5 10 20
Assignment: 2 10 1 to 5 1 to 5 10 20

  Marks Lo Co Marks Final Marks

SEE 100 1 to 5 1 to 5 100 50
    Scale Down to 50
      Total 100
Questions for CIE and SEE will be designed to evaluate the various
educational components (Bloom’s taxonomy) such as:
CIE and SEE Evaluation:

SL .No Bloom’s
  Category Test 1 Test 2 SEE
1 Remember 34% 34% 30%
2 Understand 55% 20% 30%
3 Apply 00% 23% 20%
4 Analyse 11% 00% 10%
5 Evaluate 00% 00% 00%
6 Create 00% 23% 10%
 IMPORTANCE OF INTRODUCING SUBJECT FOR
ENGINEERING STUDENTS.

• For engineers to be successful over the course of their

careers, communication skills are just as important as
technical knowledge.
• One of the best ways for engineering managers to bring value
to their companies and help their own careers is by learning
and practicing good communication skills.

• According to researches conducted in Harvard and Stanford

Universities only 15% of your career success is provided by
your hard skills, whilst other 85% by so called soft skills.

• “Soft skills’ get little respect but will make or break your
career” (Peggy Klaus).
 EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS OF GRADUATES IN INDIA
• (The skill development landscape in India and implementing quality
skill training, August 2010). Even in India, which produces 400,000
engineers annually, corporations are finding it increasingly difficult
to find the qualified workers they require. (Replacement migration,
2009).
• India’s National Association of Software Services Companies
estimates a potential shortfall of 500,000 technology professionals
by 2010 (Talent shortage survey, 2005).
• There were several studies conducted in India to know the
employability skills, Employability Skills -A Study on the Perception
of the Engineering Students 527 of the students. It is found that 75%
of the Indian graduates are unemployable. (Talent shortage survey,
2005).
• Globally about 34% of the employers (Talent shortage survey, 2005)
find it difficult to fill the talent gap and in India 67% of the employers
find it difficult to find right talent in India (from both arts and science
graduates).
As per the data shared by the HRD ministry, India has
total 6,214 Engineering and Technology Institutions in
which around 2.9 million (29 lakh) students are
enrolled.

Every year on an average 1.5 million (15 lakh) students

get their degree in engineering, but due to lack of skill
required to perform technical jobs less than 20 percent
get employment in their core domain.
 NPTEL
National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning
Online web portal http://nptel.ac.in

Enrollment End
Course Name Duration Start date End date Exam date date Link

https://
onlinecourses.np
Enhancing tel.ac.in/
Soft Skills and July 26, October October 24, noc21_hs02/
Personality 8 Weeks 2021 15, 2021 2021 August 23, 2021 preview

https://
onlinecourses.np
tel.ac.in/
12 July 26, October October 24, noc21_hs07/
Soft Skill Weeks 2021 15, 2021 2021 August 02, 2021 preview

             
 SYLLABUS
UNIT-I: Fundamentals of Communication.
• Fundamentals of Communication-process,
• levels, forms and barriers of Communication.
• General and Technical Communication.
• Nonverbal Communication,
• Body language and its significance. 
• Communication across cultures.
UNIT-II: Listening and Speaking skills.
• Listening skills-Definition of Listening, Listening V/S Hearing
• Barriers to listening, Types of Listening, Significance of listening
• Improvising Listening Skills.
• Speaking skills-Effective speaking, Presentation Strategies.
UNIT-III: Grammar, Reading skills and Professional Writing Skills.
• Parts of speech, usage of tense forms, correction of sentences. 
• Idioms and phrases, Commonly Confused Words.
• Reading skills- Reading techniques-skimming, scanning, Types of reading- intensive
and extensive reading.
• Writing skills- Paragraph writing, Expansion of Ideas.
• Letter writing, Report writing, E-mail etiquette.
• Drafting a Resume and Job application.
UNIT-IV: Human values and Relationship Management.
• Human values- its significance, Social values, Integrity,
Empathy, Character, Spirituality.
• Relationship values-honesty, commitment, and compromise.
• Building effective relations with peers and yourself.
• Building effective relations with parents and elders.
• Aspirations and parents’ expectations.
UNIT-V: Self-Management skills
• Stress Management-Introduction, significance and methods
of Stress Management, Methods to recognize stress. 
• Anger Management
• Time Management 
• Managing Emotions
• Developing the right attitude 
• Self-esteem-acceptance of setbacks and success, 
• Goal Setting.
Books:
• Dr.Premila Swamy D & Mr.UdayaKumar.HM, Communication Skills for
Engineers, Archers and Elevators Publishing House, Bangalore, India-
2021.
• Meenakshi Raman & Sangeetha Sharma- Technical communication –
Principles and Practice Oxford University Press – 2007.
• A.J. Thomson & A. V. Martinet, A Practical English Grammar, Oxford
University Press –1987.
• M Ashraf Rizvi, Effective Technical Communication, McGraw Hill
Education (India) Private Limited-2005.
• Sanjayakumar, Communication Skills, Pushp Lata, Oxford Press, 2016.
• SK.Khandelwal & RK Gupta, Functional Grammar & Composition,
Laxmi Publiacation (P) Ltd.
• N.Krishna Murthy, Modern English Grammar, Trinity press, 2016.
• John Seely, Guide to Speaking and Writing, Oxford -2000.
• Larrie Rouillard,‘ Goals and goal setting-Achieve measurable results’,
by Vivek Book Ptd.
• Daniel Goleman's emotional intelligence why it can might have more
than IQ, Bloomshurry Publishing Ptd.2017.
PDF and Video Lectures:
• NPTEL Course: Soft skills’ by prof. Binod Mishra,
Professor of English, IIT Roorkee.
• NPTEL Course: ‘Developing Soft skills and
Personality’, by Prof. T. Ravichandran, IIT
Kanpur.
• NPTEL Course: ‘Stress Management’, Prof.
Rajlakshmi Guha Centre for Educational
Technology IIT Kharagpur.
• NPTEL Course: ‘Enhancing Soft Skills &
Personality’.
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION AND
ITS PROCESS
• Introduction
• Etymological meaning

The word “communication” is derived

from “Communicare” or “Communis”
(Latin) meaning “to share it”.
• Definition communication.
Robert Anderson, “Communication is interchange of thoughts, opinions, or
information, by Speech, Writing, or Signs”.
process of communication:

Components/elements of communication:
1. Sender/encoder
2. Medium
3. Channel
4. Receiver/decoder
5. Feedback
6. Context
7. Noise – Internal & External noise
LANGUAGE AS A TOOL FOR COMMUNICATION

Language is a communication tool used

by everyone in their daily life as a means
to convey information and arguments to
others.
 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
Exercise: 1.1. Answer the following questions by choosing correct options giving below.
 
1. The English word ‘Communication’ is derived from the word_____
A. Communicare B. Comunnicare
C. Comunicare D. Communnicare
2. ‘Communicare’ is a _____ word.
A. French B. Latin
C. German D. Indian
3. Define ‘Sender’
A. Transmit the message B. To decode the message
C. Sending gifts D. None
4. Define ‘Receiver’.
A. Words, body language that responds to the sender's message.
B. Words
C. Receives and interprets the message transmit the feedback.
D. Trigger words.
5. Define ‘Encoding’.
E. The process of finding meaning.
F. Transmit the message.
G. The process of the turning ideas and feelings into verbal and non-verbal.
H. Refers to words.
6. The process of finding meaning of ‘verbal and non-verbal’ symbols.
A. Encoding B. Decoding
C. Life D. Verbal
 
7. Define ‘Physical Noise’ (External noise).
A. Any sound that prevents a person being heard. 
B. Any unwanted noise 
C. Sound waves that hinders communication. 
D. All the above
 
8. ‘Psychological noise’ (Internal noise).
E. Interference that occurs within our minds.
F. Thought that interfere with the message.
G. Both are correct.
H. Both are wrong.
 
9. True or False: is verbal actually words?
I. True
J. False
 
10. True or false: is the definition non-verbal communication without words.
K. True 
L. False
 Answer-Exercise: 1.1:

1. A. Communicare 2.B. Latin 3.A. Transmit the message

4.C. Receives and interprets the message transmit the feedback.

5. C. The process of the turning ideas and feelings into verbal and non-verbal.

6. B. Decoding

7.D. All the above

8. A. Interference that occurs within our minds.

9.A. True 10.A. True

Activity: “The meaning of communication lies in the way that is received”.

Do you agree with the above statement? Discuss with your friends during the
next meeting.
 
 FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Types of verbal Communication 2. Types of non-verbal Communication
  1. Face-to-face Conversation   1. Shrugs
  2. Telephone talk   2. Foot tapping
  3. Presentation 1. Kinesics 3. Drumming fingers
1. Oral Communication 4. Public Speech 4. Clicking pens
5. Interview 5. Winking
6. Meeting 6. Facial Expressions
7. Gestures.
  1. Letter   1. Intimate distance (0-2 ft.)
  2. Memo   2. Personal distance (2-4ft.)
  3. Notice 2. Proxemics 3. Social distance (4-12 ft.)
2. Written Communication 4. Circular 4. Public distance (>12 ft.)
5. Report
6. Minutes
    1. Voice modulation
  2. Pitch
  3. Articulation
  4. Pauses
3. Paralinguistic 5. Sound Symbols
6. Chronemics
7. Silence
8. Vocalic
4. Haptic Communication Physical intimacy:
• Holding hands
• Hugging
• Tickling
• Kissing
5. Locomotion (Movement) • Walking,
• Jumping, swaying,
• Moving with a wheelchair
6. Body language 1. Facial Expressions
2. Eye-Contact (Oculesics)
3. Posture
4. Gesture
5. Personal appearance
6. Adornment
 Types of Verbal Communication
  1. Face-to-face Conversation
  2. Telephone talk
  3. Presentation
1. Oral Communication 4. Public Speech
5. Interview
6. Meeting

  1. Letter
 2. Written 2. Memo
Communication 3. Notice
4. Circular
5. Report
6. Minutes
 The advantages of oral communication 
1. Time saving
2. Cost savings
3. More powerful
4. Effectiveness
5. Immediate feedback
6. More suitable
7. A relationship develops
8. Flexibility
9. Easiness
10. Correction of errors
11. Informal communication
12. Motivation
13. Special applications
14. Maintaining secrecy  
 Disadvantages of Oral Communication
• No record
• Expensive
• Distortion of the word
• Inaccuracy
• Limited use
• Probability of omitting main subject
• Confused speech
• No legal validity
• Late decision
• Less important
• Lack of secrecy
• Defective
• Creates misunderstanding
Advantages of written communication:
• No need for personal contact - you can tell an employee
he or she has to work overtime through an email instead
of face-to-face.
• Saves money - you can send an email instead of calling
long distance.
• Written proof - provides written proof in case of a dispute.

Disadvantages of written communication:

• Delay in communication - it may take a while to get to the
intended recipient.
• Lack of secrecy - once it's on paper, anyone can read it.
• Costly - if the sender and receiver are sitting next to each
other, you still have to spend money on paper or Internet
service.
Activity: Why do you think formal work
should always be documented?
 Types of non-verbal Communication
1. Kinesics (Body Language) 1. Shrugs (nods)
2. Foot tapping
3. Drumming fingers
4. Clicking pens
5. Winking
6. Facial Expressions
7. Eye-Contact (Oculesics)
8. Gesture
9. Posture
2. Paralinguistic 1. Voice modulation
2. Articulation
3. Pitch
4. Pauses
5. Stress
6. Intonation
7. Silence

3. Proxemics 1. Intimate distance (0-2 ft.)

2. Personal distance (2-4ft.)
3. Social distance (4-12 ft.)
4. Public distance (>12 ft.)
4. Haptic Physical intimacy
Communication  Holding hands
 Hugging
 Tickling (scratching)
 Kissing

5. Other 1. Personal appearance

Communication 2. Adornment
3. Chronemics (Use of time)
 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
Answer the following questions by choosing correct options giving
below.
1. Which of these is not an element of non-verbal communication?
a) Personal Appearance b) Posture
c) Eye Contact d) Name of the Speaker
2. Which of these is a main element of non-verbal communication?
a) The volume of the speaker b) Name of the Speaker
c) Name of the listener d) Age of the Speaker
3. A Speaker looks into the eyes of the audience.
a) Confident b) Impatient
c) Rude d) Impolite
4. The tone of the speaker should be
a) Loud b) Clear
c) Low d) soft
5. A Speech must be prepared with in mind.
a) The result b) Praise
c) An audience d) Admiration
6. Which of these is important in having mutual understanding
with colleagues?
a) Effective listening b) Speaking
c) Talking d) Writing
7. Which of these does not enhance listening skills?
a) Attention b) Frankness
c) Clear Perception d) Ignoring
8. Which of these is the greatest means of conveying
information?
a) Writing b) Words
c) Signs d) Pictures
9. There is a barrier to communication when words are uttered
in a sense.
a) Negative b) Positive
c) Polite d) Good
10. Which of these may convey arrogance?
a) Hands swinging looselyb) A Shoulder shrugs
c) A pointed finger d) jointed finger tips
 KEY ANSWERS
1.D. Name of the Speaker
2.A. The volume of the speaker
3.A. Confident
4.B. Clear
5.C. An audience
6.A. Effective listening
7.D. Ignoring
8.B. Words
9.A. Negative
10.A. Hands swinging loosely

Activity: Observe the speech of any best

orator and identify the nonverbal cues used
appropriately.
w
 Levels of Communication
1. Interpersonal Communication

2. Intrapersonal Communication

3. Extra-personal Communication

4. Organizational Communication
a. Internal operational  
b. External operational 
c. Personal

5. Mass Communication
1. Interpersonal Communication
2. Intrapersonal Communication
3. Extra-personal Communication
 4. Organizational Communication
a. Internal operational   Organizational Communication
b. External operational  Organizational Communication
c. Personal- Organizational Communication
5. Mass Communication
 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1. Answer the following questions by choosing correct options given below.
Which one of the following is not an example of intrapersonal communication?
A. Sending a text message to a friend.
B. Talking to yourself.
C. Writing a reminder note to yourself.
D. Thinking about a problem you need to solve.
2. Group communication involves a different set of skills than interpersonal
communication because
A. In a group, one sender has many different receivers to take into account.
B. In a group, one receiver has many different senders to take into account.
C. Groups, by definition, contain more than two people.
D. Group communication is more important than interpersonal communication.
3. The mode of communication that involves a single source transmitting
information to a large number of receivers simultaneously, is called
A. Group communication B. Mass communication
C. Intrapersonal communication D. Interpersonal communication
4. Organizational communication can also be equated with
A. Intrapersonal communication B. Interpersonal communication
C. Group communication D. Mass communication
5. The type of communication that the teacher has in the classroom, is termed as
A. Interpersonal communication B. Mass communication
C. Face-to-face communication D. Above all
6. ’Orkut’ is a part of:
A. Intrapersonal communication B. Mass communication
C. Group communication D. Interpersonal communication
7. Communication with oneself is known as:
A. Group communication B. Grapevine communication
C. Interpersonal communication D. Intrapersonal communication
8. In mass communication, selective perception is dependent on the
receiver’s
A. Competence B. Pre-disposition
C. Receptive D. Ethnicity
9. Interpersonal Communication is direct face to face communication
between
A. Mass B. Two persons
C. Group of persons D. Oneself

10. Which of the following term is used when one communicates with
himself?
A. Interpersonal communication B. Intrapersonal communication
C. Unidyadic communication D. Me communication
 Answers

1. A 2. A 3.B 4.C5.D 6.D 7.D 8. C

9.B 10.B
 Barriers in communication
1. Listening barriers
2. Barriers while speaking
3. Environmental barriers include
4. Cultural barriers:
Social and Economic Conditions
Cultural Background
Language and Accent
Behavior and Nature
5. Religion
6. Individual/Psychological barriers
7. Organizational Barriers
8. Interpersonal barriers
9. Attitudinal barriers
10. Channel barriers
11.Physical and mechanical barriers
12.Language/Semantic barrier
(i) Words with different meaning
(ii)Denotations (Dictionary meaning): and
Connotation (Imaginary meaning)
(iii)Bad Expression:
(iv)Faulty Translation:
Activity: Your father is not keen on your
decision to study MS in the USA. How can
you persuade him, bearing in mind the
barriers to communication that you might
encounter? 
 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
Exercise: 1.2. Answer the following questions by choosing correct options given
below.
1. Which of these is the ‘external sound’ present in the channels of communication?
a) Noise b) Semantic problems
c) Cultural barriers d) Over communication
2. Which of these should not be avoided for effective communication?
a) Noise b) Planning
c) Semantic problems d) Wrong assumptions
3. __________ is arising from ‘expression’.
a) Cultural barriers b) Semantic problems
c) Wrong assumptions d) Selecting perception
 
4. When is the communication process complete?
a) When the sender transmits the message
b) When the message enters the channel
c) When the message leaves the channel
d) When the receiver understands the message.
 
5. ______ is the first enemy of communication.
a) Noise b) Clarity
c) Politeness d) Completeness
 
6. Which of these must be avoided for effective communication?
a) Sharing of activity b) Listening
c) Ambiguity d) Politeness
 
7. Which of these is not a commandment of effective communication?
a) Clarity in language b) Listening poorly
c) Home communication skills d) Adequate medium
 
8. ‘Faulty Translation’ is an example for _________ barrier.
a) Speaking b) Environmental
c) Listening d) Language/ semantic
 
9. Both encoding and decoding of message are influenced by our emotions.
A. True
B. False
10. Communication should serve as a conflict- reduction exercise.
A. True
B. False
 Answers
1.A.Noise
2.B.Planning
3.B.Semantic problems
4.D.When the receiver understands the
message.
5.A.Noise
6.C.Ambiguity
7.B.Listening poorly
8.D.Language/ semantic
9.A.True
10.A.True
B
 Body language and its significance.
Meaning: ‘Body Language’ is a non-verbal communication where messages are sent
through postures, eye-contacts, movements, usage of space and change in the intonation
of voice etc. instead of using words and speech to communicate.

The following terms of body language decides

the personality of an individual.
1. Open Body Language
2. Closed Body Language
3. Uncrossed Legs
4. Uncrossed Arms
5. Crossing of Arms
6. Crossing of Legs When Seated
7. Arms in Front of Body
8. Crossing of Legs in Standing
 Gestures:

Pointing with Finger:

Wagging Finger Side To Side:
Pointing Thumb Upwards:
Pointing Thumb Downwards:
Index Finger Touching Thumb:
 Eye Contact

Looking to Left:
Looking to Right:
Glancing
Significance of Body language:
1. Upgrading our Communication System/style.
2. First Impression Leaves Big Impression.
3. It's the Universal Language.
4. Meaningful communication can be possible.
5. Effective communication can be possible.
6. Avoid misunderstanding during communication.
7. Attract the viewer’s towards the communicator.
8. Create better image of the person or an individual.
9. Body language can instantly help to evaluate the interest of
people.
10. It is a personal way of expressing emotions when words
don’t help.
11. It can make communication more interesting and non-
monotonous.
 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
Answer the following questions by choosing correct options giving below.
1. Which of the following is not an example of body language?
a. Crossing your arms over the chest.
b. Drumming your fingers on the table. 
c. Rolling your eyes.
d. Talking too fast.

2. Which of the following statements about body language is true?

e. Body language can be conscious or unconscious.
f. Body language includes conscious   gesture. 
g. Body language includes unconscious gesture.
h. Body language typically leaves negative impression.
 
3. The study of ‘Body Language’ is called_________
A. Verbal B. Kinesics C. Nonverbal D. None
4. “Kinesics” derived from the _____________
A. Latin word B. German word C. Greek word D. None
5. “Kinesis” means___________
A. Motion B. Run C. Speak D. Write
 Answer
1.D. Talking to fast.
2.A. Body language can
be conscious or unconscious.
3.B. Kinesics
4.A. Latin word
5.A. Motion

Activity: “Body language determines the

personality of an individual”, justify the
statement. 
 Body Language Across cultures:
Generalized Nonverbal Behaviors by Ethnic/Cultural Background
Cultural Haptic Oculesics Kinesics Vocalics Posture Proxemics Chronemics
Background (Touch) (Eye contact) (Body (Tone, (Body (Use of (Tim
    motions, volume) position, space) e, speed,
gestures) Stance) waiting)

Typical Generally like Eye contact Used to Wide Wide 30” apart Often in a
touch; shake Expected. signal; head range range; Hurry.
American hands; youth   nods affirm varies by erect
  show affection Wide range gender, posture
in public. signal; head age, admired.
nods affirm. social
situation

Africans More formal; Quick eye Nod heads ——— Erect More Varies
expect respect. Contact. to show formal
    listening. distance
  until
know
others.

Asians Limited touch, Avoid direct Smiling Never Erect and ——— ———
both bowing eye contact. covers many interrupt balanced  
and shaking   emotions. due to posture
hands; no public   respect. valued.
affection; do    
push in crowds
The following is a brief review of cultural preferences:
1. The predominant culture in the U.S:
Haptics—Americans may wish to be touched during difficult times
or by close friends but generally stand 30 inches apart. Americans
do shake hands.
Young Americans do demonstrate affection publicly.
Oculesics—Americans are taught to make eye contact. In terms of
general kinesics, Americans use hand gestures to indicate “okay,”
give “a thumbs up” for a good job, and use head nodding to affirm
a speaker’s message.
 
2. Africans:
Oculesics: Generally behave in a more formal manner, showing
politeness with quick eye contact
Gesture, Posture & Eye-contact: Erect posture, a nod of the head,
and careful listening.
Haptics- They may be less interested in touching.
 
3. Asian cultures: (Chinese, Pacific Islanders, Japanese, and Koreans
share much of the following):
Haptic—Asians are generally not a touch oriented society, although
many cultures now use handshaking as well as bowing; public
displays of affection are avoided, but pushing in a crowd is common.
Oculesics—Direct eye contact is typically avoided.
Facial expression—Smiling covers a wide range of emotions, so be
certain to reflect back what you see to clarify.
Posture—Erect, balanced posture is highly valued. Silence while
being spoken to is offered as a Cultural Sensitivity in Nonverbal
Communication sign of respect; great care is taken not to interrupt.
People from Taiwan follow behaviors similar to these but are more
likely to use handshaking than any other greeting.

Americans like to use slang words and phrases that even other
Americans don’t always understand. I am jazzed when that happens!
Japanese people do not like to refuse something, so they that it will
be discussed “latter”. Latter meaning never.
 Forms of greeting practicing in different countries.
1. Handshake:
United States and Canada: Firm handshake.
France: Soft, quick handshake.
Japan: Handshake with arm fully extended, accompanied by a bow.
Germany: Firm handshake. Men traditionally accompany the handshake
with a slight bow.
2. Hugging and kissing:
Native Hawaiians hug and exchange breaths in a custom called “aha”.
Mexicans will usually hug upon greeting (the abrazo).
Men in many parts of the world exchange kisses on cheek and places
where this is a common practice include Cuba, Portugal, Spain, Italy,
Eastern Europe, and the middle east.
3. Bowing:
Asians: Many people bow in greeting.
Japan: People bow with their hands at their sides, and the depth of the
bow is related to the level of respect due to the other person.
Pakistanis: use the Salam, and bow with the palm of the right hand on
their foreheads.
 
4. Eye contact:
Western culture: People make intermittent eye contact
while speaking to demonstrate interest and trust
worthiness.
Middle East: use very intense and prolonged eye
contact to gauge someone else’s intentions.
Japan: Direct eye contact is interpreted as invasion of a
person’s privacy and act as rudeness.
 
5. Smiling:
North American: Smile automatically when greeting
others.
Asian: Smile less than Westerns.
Korien: Smile usually indicates embarrassment and not
pleasure
 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
Exercise: 1.8.1. Answer the following questions by choosing correct options giving
below.
1. From research, the following valid conclusions can be drawn about cross-cultural
perceptions of facial expressions.
A. Members of diverse cultures do not recognize the same emotions from
photographs of facial expressions.
B. Members of diverse cultures show significant differences in perceptions of the
intensity of emotion exhibited by a facial expression.
C. Display rules dictate that collectivist cultures such as Singapore or China suppress
exhibitions of anger or contempt toward rival group members.
D. None of the above
 
2. ‘Non-verbal’ communication is:
A. Linguistic in nature B. Single channeled
C. Less ambiguous than verbal communication D. Continuous
 
3. Nonverbal and verbal communications are interconnected in which of the following
ways?
E. Nonverbal cues can repeat verbal messages
F. Nonverbal cues can substitute for verbal messages
G. Nonverbal cues can contradict verbal messages
H. All of the above 
4. To communicate competently with nonverbal communication
A. Observe multiple nonverbal cues before drawing any conclusions
about a person's communication.
B. Try to match nonverbal and verbal communication to avoid mixed
messages
C. Monitor your own nonverbal communication.
D. All of the above.

 
5. The following are valid conclusions, based on research, about gestures
and cultures:
E. Identical gestures always produce identical meaning in different
cultures because gestures are natural displays of feelings.
F. Illustrators usually come naturally to individuals from all cultures.
G. There are no gestures that mean the same thing to members of
different cultures.
H. Every culture uses the thumbs up sign to mean "good going" or "nice
job".
6. Differences between verbal and nonverbal communication
include.
A. Verbal communication is multichannel; nonverbal
communication is single-channeled.
B. Nonverbal communication possesses none of the four
essential characteristics of language (verbal communication).
C. Verbal communication is single-channeled; nonverbal
communication is multichannel.
D. both b and c
 
7. Friendship-warmth touch.
E. Is the least intense form of touching?
F. Is most ambiguous type of touch?
G. Leads to the most misunderstandings between people.
H. Both b and c
 
 
 Answer
1.B. Members of diverse cultures show significant differences in
perceptions of the intensity of emotion exhibited by a facial
expression.
2. D. Continuous 3. D. All of the above 
4. D. All of the above.
5. B. Illustrators usually come naturally to individuals from all
cultures.
6.D. both b and c
7. A. Is the least intense form of touching?
 
Activity: Interview two persons who are from different
countries. You would need to prepare a power point
presentation. Images from the country you are researching
should be included based on the relevant information. Identifies
and connects to cultural experiences that similar and different
to one’ own.  
Difference between General and Technical communication:
SL. General Communication Technical Communication
NO
1 Contains a general message. Contains a technical or official message.

2 Informal in style and approach. Mostly formal style.

3 No set pattern of communication. Follows a set pattern.

4 Mostly oral. Both oral and written.

5 Not always for a specific audience. Always for a specific audience.

6 Does not involve the use of technical Frequently involves jargon , graphics etc.
vocabulary or graphics etc.
 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
Answer the following questions by choosing correct options giving below.
 
1. Technical writing demands ______ use of language.
a) Figurative b) Poetic c) Factual d) Dramatic
 
2. Which of these must be avoided in technical writing?
a) Facts b) Grammar c) Punctuation d) Personal feelings
 
3. Which of these words is used in technical writing?
a) Apex b) Top c) Slanting d) Bottom
 
4. Which of these is a technical word for slanting?
a) Lateral b) Sloping c) Tilting d) Bent
 
5. Familiar words must be used in technical writing.
a) True b) False
 
6. Technical writing is same as general writing.
a) True
b) False
 
7. Participant should listen to the opinions expressed by others with
respect.
a) True
b) False
 
8. ‘Personal appearance’ is an element of non-verbal communication.
a) False
b) True
 
9. A pointed finger may be a gesture of accusation.
a) True
b) False
 
10. Non-verbal communication includes all external stimuli apart from
words uttered.
a) False
b) True
 Answer
1.C. Factual
2.D. Personal feelings
3.A. Apex
4.A. Lateral
5.A. True
6.B. False
7.A. True
8.A. False
9.A. True
10.A. False

Activity: How do you differentiate whether person is using

general or technical communication? Illustrate with real-time
experience.
 
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