Intro To Genetics (2003)
Intro To Genetics (2003)
Intro To Genetics (2003)
Easy to grow.
Easily identifiable traits
Can work with large numbers of
samples
Mendel’s experiments
The first thing Mendel did was create a
“pure” generation or true-breeding
generation.
He made sure that certain pea plants
were only able to self pollinate,
eliminating unwanted traits.
He did this by cutting away the stamen,
or male part of each flower
Mendel’s Experiments
Mendel noticed that some plants always produced offspring
that had a form of a trait exactly like the parent plant. He
called these plants “purebred” plants. For instance, purebred
short plants always produced short offspring and purebred tall
plants always produced tall offspring.
X
Purebred Short Parents Short Offspring
IAIB AB
Type
IBIB B
Type
I Bi
Type B
I Ai
Type A
ii
Type O
How common are the
different blood types?
Sample Problem:
Literally
means
“creation of
gametes”
Egg and
sperm
2 types:
Spermatogeneis &
Oogenesis
Net result:
Oogensis
Spermatogensis
4 mature ova
1 spermor egg.
Each egg
sperm
hashas
exactly
exactly
halfhalf
thethe
number
number
of chromosomes
of chromosomes
as the mother.
as the father.
Gene Linkage
Are genes “linked” to each other on
chromosomes?
Morgan found that many genes are
linked together.
It was determined that chromosomes,
not genes, assort independently during
meiosis.
Gene Maps
First developed
by Sturtevant in
1911.
The farther apart
two genes are,
the more likely
they will be
separated in
meiosis.