Operating System

Installation
●Windows 98
●Windows XP
●Windows 7 Group #1
What is Operating System?
An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that
manages computer hardware resources and provides
common services for computer programs. The operating system is an
essential component of the system software in a computer system.
Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the
system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of
processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory
allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between
programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is
usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently make
a system call to an OS function or be interrupted by it. Operating
systems can be found on almost any device that contains a computer—
from cellular phones and video game
consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples are:
Examples of popular modern operating systems
include Android, 
BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution),
iOS (Internetwork Operating System), 
Linux, OSX, QNX, Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone,
and IBM z/OS. All these, except Windows and z/OS,
share roots in UNIX.
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical
interface operating systems developed, marketed, and
sold by Microsoft.
Microsoft introduced an operating
environment named Windows on November 20, 1985
as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in
response to the growing interest in graphical user
interfaces (GUI).As of September 2013, the most
recent versions of Windows for personal
computers, mobile devices, server
computers and embedded devices are
respectively Windows 8, Windows Phone 8, Windows
Server 2012 and Windows Embedded 8.
Windows 98
Windows 98 (codenamed Memphis) is
a graphical operating system by Microsoft. It is the
second major release in the Windows 9x line of
operating systems. It was released to manufacturing
on May 15, 1998 and to retail on June 25, 1998.
Windows 98 is the successor to Windows 95. Like its
predecessor, it is a hybrid 16-bit/32-bit monolithic
product with an MS-DOS based boot stage. Windows
98 was succeeded by Windows 98 Second Edition on
May 5, 1999, then by Windows ME (Millennium
Edition) on September 14, 2000. Microsoft ended
support for Windows 98 on July 11, 2006.
System requirements
System requirements include:
Intel 80486DX2/66 MHz or a compatible CPU with
a math coprocessor (Pentium processor recommended)
16 MB of RAM (24 MB recommended, it's possible to
run on 8 MB machines with /nm option used during the
installation process)
At least 500 MB of space available on HDD. The amount
of space required depends on the installation method
and the components selected, but virtual memory and
system utilities as well as drivers should be taken into
consideration.
System requirements
Upgrading from Windows 95 (FAT16) or 3.1 (FAT): 140–
400 MB (typically 205 MB).
New installation (FAT32): 190–305 MB (typically 210 MB).
VGA or higher resolution monitor (640x480)
CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive (floppy install is possible but
slow)
Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device
(optional).
Users can bypass hardware requirement checks with the
undocumented /NM setup switch. This allows installation
on computers with processors as old as the 80386.
Windows 98 is not designed to handle more than
1.0 GB of RAM.
Installation Process:
1.To begin the Windows 98 2.Select Option 1. (Start
install select Option 2 (Boot Windows 98 Setup from CD-
from CD-Rom) ROM)
3.Your CD-ROM driver will
now install, be patient this 4.Now press Enter to
may take a few moments. continue, or F3 to exit.
5.Setup will now perform Next Scandisk will run,
checks on your system, let this complete or
press Enter to continue. setup.
 Setup has now begun, the mouse should now
Now setup will copy be active, press Continue to proceed. If you
have a change of mind then press Exit Setup.
important files for the If the mouse is not active press "ENTER" on
install. the keyboard.
 Now select the directory you
wish to install Windows into.
The wizard will now
By default C:\Windows will be
start. Be patient this
selected. You can change this,
may take a few
but it is not advised. Click on
moments.
Next to Continue.
Setup will now prepare the
directory, be patient this
may take a moment.

What do you wish to install. We

recommend Typical, which is the
default. So click Next to continue
If a Network card has been Now your country settings,
detected the following will appear. select as needed and then
Fill in the details and click Next. press Next.

Windows will now copy

files, this will take
sometime. Be patient
After sometime you will be
prompted to restart, Windows will
do it itself, you can click on Restart
Now to quicken the process. Booting for first time screen will
appear.

The CD-ROM boot menu will

appear. Select option 1 (Boot from
Hard Disk)
 Now the License Agreement.
Now enter your name, company is Read and if you agree click on "I
optional. Click on Next to accept the Agreement" and click
continue. next. If you select ""I don't accept
the Agreement" then setup will
end. 
Now input your product key or certificate authenticity code.
This is 16 digits and is located on the back of your CD case
or on the Windows 98 Book. If you have an OEM computer
then it could be on the side or back of your computer. Click
next to continue. 

Next click on Finish.

Setup will now finalize the Plug and Play Devices.....
hardware and install settings.

Your computer will prompt to

restart....
Windows is booting. and update System Settings.

At long last you have arrived at

the desktop.
Windows XP
Windows XP is an operating system produced
by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including
home and business desktops, laptops and media
centers. First released to computer manufacturers on
August 24, 2001, it is the second most popular version
of Windows, based on installed user base. The name
"XP" is short for "eXPerience", highlighting the
enhanced user experience.
System requirements
300 MHz Intel or AMD CPU
128 Megabytes of system RAM (It can work with 64
Megabytes of RAM but its not recommended)
1.5 Gigabytes of available drive space
Super VGA 800x600 Display Adapter
CD or DVD-ROM
Keyboard and mouse, or other pointing devices
Network Interface Adapter required for Internet
and Network Connectivity
Installation Process:
1.Ensure that your computer meets or exceeds the
minimum system requirements to run Windows XP:

2.Ensure you have a Windows XP Product Key. It is

printed on a sticker on your software package. It is a
string of 5 groups of characters (each 5 long), separated
by dashes, resulting in 25 characters in all.

It looks like this: HHHCF-WCF9P-M3YCC-RXDXH-FC3C6.

When the software has almost finished installing, you

will be asked for it. You need the product key to complete
installing Windows.
Before inserting the CD, you'll have to enter bios (in most cases
by pressing DEL on system startup) and select your primary boot
device CDrom. Insert the Windows XP Installation Disc and start
your computer. When prompted to "Press any key to boot from
CD," press a key on the keyboard.
The installation program will check your hardware, install
default-set drivers, and load files necessary for installation.
When arriving at the "Welcome to Setup" screen, Press ENTER
to begin the installation process.
On the next screen, you are presented with a summary of the
available partitions on your installed hard drives. At this point, you
should see only one entry, "Unpartitioned Space." It will be
highlighted in grey. Press C on your keyboard to begin creating
partitions for the drive.
Enter the size in megabytes for the new partition. If you intend to install only one
drive, enter the maximum amount shown. If you wish to create multiple partitions
on a single drive, remember that Windows XP requires at least 1.5 Gigabytes of
space, plus swap space, and areas for temporary files. A good rule of thumb is not to
install Windows XP on a partition less than 5 Gigabytes, unless you wish to impact
performance. When calculating, remember that there are 1,024 Megabytes per
Gigabyte. Press ENTER once you have chosen your desired partition size.
The system will create your new partition, and you will now be at the
partition summary screen once again. Select your new partition, usually
labeled "C: Partition 1 [Raw]" and press ENTER.
Select either "Format the Partition using the NTFS File System" OR "Format the
Partition using the FAT File System," and press ENTER. NTFS is the preferred method,
supporting a larger amount of disk space per partition than FAT, and including
security features at the file system level. NTFS also includes system level
compression. If your partition is larger than 32 Gigabytes, you must choose NTFS.
However, with a partition less than 32 Gigabytes, you can choose FAT, and convert to
NTFS later should you desire. Be aware that NTFS cannot be converted back to FAT.
The system will now format the partition. The length of time this
process requires depends on the speed and size of the drive, and the
type of file system you selected earlier. In most cases, the larger the
partition, the longer the process will take.
Windows will now start copying files from the installation disc and
prompt you to reboot the computer when the process is completed.
Press ENTER when prompted to reboot, otherwise it will do so
automatically after 15 seconds.
This is the most time consuming part.
When the computer reboots, do not
press enter to boot from the disc this
time, rather allow the computer to boot
from the hard drive. If you are greeted
with the Windows XP Boot screen, all is
well so far.

Now the setup program will display

various marketing information to you as
it installs and configures itself to your
system. The estimated time remaining is
displayed in the lower left corner.

Note: it is normal for the screen to flicker,

turn on and off, or resize during this
process.
Sooner or later, a dialog window
will appear, asking you to choose
your Regional settings. Select
appropriate settings native to your
area. Click the "Next" button
when that is completed.

Enter your Product Key,

(otherwise known as a CD or
Install Key,) at this window. You
will not be able to complete this
process without a valid Key. Click
"Next" to continue.
If your computer is going to be on Select your time zone, and
a LAN (Local Area Network) at ensure that the date/time are
home, correct. Click "Next" to
continue.
Leave "Typical Settings" Setup will continue to install other
selected for Network Setup, devices and peripherals connected
unless you have a specialized to your machine, give you
access device or protocol marketing and capability
required. Refer to the information, then reboot as
documentation for that device before.
for installation procedures.
 You've installed Windows XP. There are a
few more additional set-up routines
required, but you have completed the
installation. Remove the CD from the
drive.

After the Activation Process, a window

will appear allowing you to select the
users for the computer. Enter your name,
and the names of others who will be
using the machine. Press Next to
continue.
You will now be looking at the default Windows XP Desktop.
Windows 7
Windows 7 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for
use on personal computers, including home and
business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media
center PCs. It was released to manufacturing on July 22,
2009 and became generally available for retail worldwide on
October 22, 2009, less than three years after the release of its
predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's server
counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the
same time. Windows 7 is succeeded by Windows 8.
System requirements

1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit

(x64) processor
1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-
bit)
16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20
GB (64-bit)
DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or
higher driver
Installation Process:
Load in your Windows 7 DVD and
boot it. It will now load the setup
files.

Select your language, time &

currency format, keyboard or
input method and click Next.
Click Install now. Click Upgrade if you already have a
previous Windows version or Custom
(advanced) if you don’t have a
previous Windows version or want
to install a fresh copy of Windows 7.

Check I accept the license terms and

click Next.
Select the drive where you want to
install Windows 7 and click Next. If
you want to make any partitions,
click Drive options (advanced), make
the partitions and then click Next.

It will now start installing Windows 7.

The first step, (i.e. Copying Windows
files) was already done when you booted
the Windows 7 DVD so it will complete
instantly.
After completing the first step, it will expand (decompress) the files that it had
copied.
After that it will automatically restart after 15 seconds and continue the setup. You
can also click Restart now to restart without any delays.
 After restarting for the first time, it
will continue the setup. This is the
last step so it will take the most time
than the previous steps

It will now automatically restart again

and continue the setup. You can
click Restart now to restart without any
delays.
Type your desired user name in the
text-box and click Next. It will
automatically fill up the computer
name.

Type your product key in the text-box

and click Next. You can also skip this
step and simply click Next if you want
to type the product key later.
Windows will run only for 30 days if
you do that.
Select your desired option for Windows
Updates.
Thank You