IPS IN VISAYAS

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ABAKNON
R E P O R T E R : PAT R I C I A A M A N D O
 ABAKNON
• The Sama Abaknon are found in the
San Bernardino Strait and Capul Island
of Northwest Samar. They are also
known as Abaknon, Capul, Capuleno,
and Sama. The family to which the
language belongs is Sama; the people
are called Abaknon.

• Interestingly, the Sama groups are

located in the Sulu and Tawi-Tawi in
Mindanao, yet the island of Samar,
which is part of the Visayas, belongs to
the subgroup. The Sama are engaged
in both fishing and exporting fish.
They are also produce copra and rice.
AKBANON

• The primary religion practiced by

the Abaknon Sama is Roman
Catholicism, the largest branch of
the Christian church and one of
the oldest religious institutions in
the world. Roman Catholicism
teaches that it is the one true
Churches founded by Jesus Christ
and that its bishops are the
successors of Christ.
 BANTOANON
R E P O R T E R : M A R I E A N G L I E L AVA N Z A
BANTOANON

• Bantoanon (Binisaya / Bisaya)

• Bantoanon is a Philippine language spoken in
Romblon province in the centre of the
Philippines. It is named after Banton Island,
and is also spoken on the neighbouring islands
of Sibale, Tablas, Simara and Maestre de
Campo.  
• The Bantoanon occupy the Banton island
group which is part of the Romblon group of
islands south of Marinduque. actually reside
mostly in Odiongan, Corcuera, Calatrava, and
Concepcion in Romblon, an archipelagic
province in the MIMAROPA region.
 BANTOANON

• They speak Asi, a Visayan language that is lexically

similar to the language of Romblomanon.
• One way to identify a Bantoanon is through his or her
family name, which usually starts with the letter "f".
• Bantoanons value education, as most of them consider it a
way to improve their lives.
THEIR USUAL MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD
ARE:
UPLAND AND
FISHING LOWLAND
THEIR USUAL MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD
ARE:

TRADE
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KINARAY-A
R E P O RT E R : A M A N D O
 KINARAY-A

•"Kinaray-a" or hinaraya is derived from "iraya" meaning "upstream," "ka"

meaning "companion,"with infixation "in" meaning "to have undergone
something." It refers to the language of Antique(from "Hamtik," or large,
red ant or wasp) and the upland parts of Iloilo and Capiz. Kinaray-a,says
the writer Leoncio Deriada, is the "mother of mellifluous West Visayan
lingua franca,Hiligaynon (Ilongo), and the less well-known child,
Aklanon." He adds that Kinaray-a "is theIlongo contribution to the mixed
languages of Romblon, Palawan, and Cuyo Islands, some partsof Mindoro
and Masbate and the southern towns of Negros Occidental and Oriental."
Kinaray-aspeakers outnumber Ilongo speakers in Antique, most of Capiz,
all of the central Iloilo towns,and the coastal towns south of Iloilo City;
Ilongo is mainly limited to Iloilo City and all the coastaltowns to the north
as well as in Bacolod and most of Negros Occidental (Ani 19:11).
 KINARAY-A

• Ilongo has long enjoyed primacy in the

region because it is the language spoken
by the rulingclasses in the region, namely
the hacenderos on both shores of the
guimaras Strait and theChinese
compradores from the Molo Parian, while
Kinaray-a has long been identified as
"thelanguage og the sacada and the
muchacho" (Ani 19:12). The Spanish
priests added to thedevelopment of Ilongo
by publishing grammars and catechisms in
that language, whileproducing none in
Kinaray-a
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HILIGAYNON
R E P O RT E R : J H A S M I N F U L A C H E
HILIGAYNON
• The Western Visayas region of the
Philippines includes Panay island,
Negros Occidental, and Romblon. The
region's population numbered 5.4
million in 1990, all speakers of
Hiligaynon Ilongo or closely related
dialects. Hiligaynon speakers
constitute approximately 10 percent of
the national population. They inhabit
one of the major rice-producing areas
of the Philippines. The landscape
consists of broad plains stretching
between mountain ranges. Large
rivers deposit the volcanic sediments
that make the lowlands fertile.
HILIGAYNON

MAJOR HOLIDAYS
• The Hiligaynon celebrate
Santacruzan with parades
and feasting each May. The
holiday commemorates the
time when St. Helena
(c.248–c.328) discovered
the cross on which Christ
was believed to have been
crucified.
 RITES OF PASSAGE
• Persons wanting to marry consult with their siblings and other relatives before approaching their
parents for consent and support. The boy's family arranges a meeting with the girl's family to
discover if the girl has already been promised to another; this serves as a public announcement to
discourage other suitors. The boy's family employs a spokesperson to learn whether the girl's
parents have accepted the proposal. If they have, the arrangements, including the prospective
groom's term of bride service, are arranged at another meeting, the padul-ong, after which the
engagement becomes binding and the girl is no longer to be seen in the company of other boys. On
the night before the wedding, both sides attend a party at the bride's parents' house. The church
ceremony itself includes ritual acts that are meant to ensure the wife's subservience and fertility.
Formerly, a sinulang (a machete dance) accompanied the couple out of the church. Arriving at the
house, the couple proceeds straight to the family altar to ensure future prosperity; a feast follows.

• The marriage is not consummated until the second night at the groom's parents' house; on the third
day, the couple returns to the bride's parents' house to live. When a person is dying, relatives say
prayers for the deliverance of his or her soul and to ward off evil spirits (men wave machetes in
the yard). The body is washed with water mixed with ginger or bark juice and is laid out in the
house next to an improvised altar and a tin can in which mourners put contributions. The
deceased's family refrains from making excessive noise, fighting, combing their hair, and bathing
until three days after the burial.
 RITES OF PASSAGE

• Only unmarried men may take the body out of the house; water is thrown on the
threshold so that another death will not follow. The entire funeral procession
must return to the house of the deceased and wash their hands and feet. Nine
days of prayer follow the burial; as many as nine more days may be added,
depending on the family's wealth (as all attending must be served food and
drink). At a midnight ceremony on the ninth night, all family members must be
awake to bid farewell to the spirit of the deceased. On the death anniversary,
nine days of prayer again take place. On the ninth night, a patay-patay (a
dummy of the dead) is set up, consisting of pillows laid on a wooden trunk
upon which the deceased's clothes are laid.
 HILIGAYNON

RELATIONSHIP
• Hiligaynon share the general Filipino behavioral
values such as hiya ( huya in the Hiligaynon
language). Violating norms (such as insulting
spiritual mediums) will earn gaba, supernatural
punishment. Those who humiliate others will suffer
the same amount of humiliation in turn, called ulin .
 HILIGAYNON

LIVING CONDITIONS
• Houses are raised 9 to 13 feet (3 to 4 meters) off the ground; walls are of
plaited (braided) bamboo, and roofs are of nipa or coconut palm leaves or
cogon grass. Sulay, bamboo, or timber props, are placed against all sides
of a house to keep it from being blown away by typhoons.
• The room for receiving guests is separated from the rest of the house by a
wall; a sofa and two side chairs occupy the space immediately inside the
front door. Small children of both sexes sleep together, but once they are
older, boys sleep near the door and girls sleep in a bedroom at the back.
Animals are kept under the house, and rice is stored there (if not in a
separate granary structure). The house lot is enclosed with a bamboo
fence or a hedge of ornamental plants; fruit tree groves and gardens are
nearby.
 HILIGAYNON

CLOTHING
• For fieldwork, men wear worn-out short pants and often go shirtless. On
formal occasions, however, they wear long pants, shirts, and shoes
(otherwise they go barefoot). Married women wear either a bestida (dress)
or a patadyong (tube skirt) with a blouse. Traditional weaving is nearly
extinct, but was a thriving industry before the nineteenth-century import
of British manufactured cloth. For pangalap (magical protection), many
older men wear tattoos (a crucifix, initials, or female figures). At the time
of the Spanish arrival, all the people living in the Visayan region wore
elaborate tattoos, earning them the name Pintados, "the painted ones,"
from their conquerors.
 HILIGAYNON

SPORTS
• Tumbang patis, popular with both boys and girls,
involves two or more children throwing rocks at a
tin can while someone who is "it" watches the can,
putting it back in place when hit; if a player is
caught retrieving the stone he or she has thrown,
he or she becomes "it."
• Other popular games include: "gunfighting" with
bamboo popguns; beetle-and spider-fighting; and
huyup-huyup, blowing rubber bands out of a circle
for bets. Young children catch dragonflies, dig
holes in the ground, pile sticks, measure sand with
bottle caps, and pull empty coconut shells or
sardine cans on strings.
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SULOD
R E P O RT E R : J O Y C E A N N E Z A L A M E D A
 SULOD

•The Sulod are the most

populous of the varied
cultural-linguistic groups
inhabiting the mountains of
Central Panay; Tapaz, Capiz;
Lambuano, Iloilo; and
Valderrama, Antique
Provinces, who remain
relatively unassimilated.
 SULOD
ECONOMY
• Subsistence is chiefly by shifting cultivation of:
• upland rice
• maize
• sweet potatoes
• other edible tubers (supplemented by hunting, fishing, and
gathering).
The Sulod do not stay in one place for more than two years, due
primarily to their pattern of land use. Tough grasses and secondary
growth that usually follow the harvest render the swidden difficult to
recultivate, particularly as the Sulod do not have work animals or
plowing implements.
 SULOD

LEADERSHIP RELIGION
• Leadership is assumed by the oldest • Religion is an intimate part of Sulod
man in each settlement. The leader, life. Every activity is in conformity
called parangkuton or "counselor," to the wishes of the spirits and
(literally, "one to be asked") directs deities, and the Sulod does
activities such as hunting, house everything within his power to
building, and moving to a new please these divinities, even to the
kaingin site. He also settles disputes extent of going into debt in order to
and heads annual social and celebrate a proper ceremony for the
religious activities. chief spirit known as diwata.
 CULTURE

• The Sulod were known for their practice of

keeping "binukot", hiding their beautiful
women in closed rooms away from the eyes of
any man. They are treated like a princess and is
auctioned when she's in the right age to marry.
 LOLA CONCHITA

• "Lola Conchita" Lola

Conchita, whose real name
is Conchita Gilbaliga is
Panay Bukidnon’s binukot
from Nayawan, upland
Tapaz, Capiz.
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WARAY
R E P O RT E R : M E R J E RY H A L A S A N
 WARAY
• The Waray inhabit the islands of
Samar and Biliran, and the eastern
section of Leyte in the Eastern
Visayas Region. The Waray language
belongs to the Visayan language
family and is related to Cebuano,
Hiligaynon, and Masbateño.

• Their native language is called

Waray-Waray. It is the fifth most
spoken native language in the
Philippines with more than 3 million
native speakers.
 WARAY

TRADITIONA
KURATSA
L DANCE
Is a very popular traditional dance

of the Waray-Waray at many social

gatherings, especially weddings. It

is very common throughout Samar. 

MAIN LIVELIHOOD OF WARAY

FARMING FISHING
 FESTIVAL OF WARAY

1. HOMONHON LANDING

A Celebration Of Ferdinand
Magellan’s First Landing In
The Philippines.
 FESTIVAL OF WARAY
2. KARAYAPAN
FESTIVAL

A colorful festival depicting

how the early Guiuan
Townsfolk enjoyed nature’s
bounties, rich marine life,
fertile land, verdant forest. 
 FESTIVAL OF WARAY

3. PADUL-ONG

The Padul-ong Festival is the

province’s way to pay homage
to its Patroness, the Blessed
Virgin Mary. 
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