Mechatronics

Unit 4 – Digital Electronics and

Presented By:
Mr. P.Krishnakumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical
Lecture Details: Engineering
PLC. GIET (A)
Mechatronics/Mechanical, IV year/ I Sem.
 Objective of this PPT
• This section introduce about PLC.
• Learners can able to understand block diagram of
PLC and its working.
 Introduction to PLC
• A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a digital computer
used for automation of typically industrial electromechanical
processes such as control of machinery on factory assembly
lines.
• Applications are packaging and filling equipment, chemical
mixing, conveyor systems and distillation etc.
• PLC were programmed in “ Ladder Logic”
.
 Features of PLC
• They are rugged and designed to withstand vibrations,
temperature, humidity and noise.
• The interfacing for inputs and outputs is inside the
controller.
• They are easily programmed and have an easily understood
programming language.
• They can be designed with communication capabilities that
allow them to interface with a computer system.
 Basic structure
• The structure of PLC is based on the same principles of computer
architecture.
• It is capable of performing other functions such as counting,
logistics, numerical applications, comparing and processing of
signals.
• Typical PLC can be divided into four parts
– Input/output module (I/O)
– Central processing unit (CPU)
– Memory
– Programming Unit
Basic structure
PLC Architecture
 PLC Architecture contd...
•PLC consists of the following elements
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• Memory
• I/O processing devices
 PLC Architecture contd...
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
– An Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) which is responsible for data
manipulation and carrying out arithmetic operations like addition,
subtraction and logical operation like AND, OR, NOT and EX-OR etc.
– Memory termed registers, located within the processor and used to
store information involves in program execution.
– A control unit which is used to control the timing of operations and
control the units within the processor to ensure that operations are
carried out in the correct order.
 Functions of CPU
• The function of CPU is to control and process all the
operation of memory and I/O data in the system in
accordance with the program.
• The CPU also holds the communication circuits and power
supply.
• The CPU executes the operating system, manages memory,
monitors inputs, evaluates the user logic and turns give
appropriate outputs.
 Buses in CPU
• The internal paths used for communication within PLC are
called Buses. These buses essentially carry the information in
the digital forms.
• Data Buses – it is used for communicating data between
elements.
• Address Buses – it is used to read the address of locations for
accessing stored data.
• Control Buses – it is used for internal control actions.
• System Buses - it is used for communication between the
input/output ports.
 PLC Architecture contd...
• Memory
– Sectors to store the status of inputs and outputs.
– Sectors to store system information such as scan time, fault
status, fault codes.
• RAM (Read Only Memory)
– it will lose its stored information when power is turned off.
– Designed to store the information on the status of input, output
devices and values of timers, counters and other internal devices.
– It is volatile memory.
 PLC Architecture contd...
• ROM ( Read Only Memory)
– ROM is a permanent storage used to store the operating
system and fixed data used by the CPU.
– It is non volatile memory.
• Types of ROM
– PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)
– EPROM (Erasable and Programmable ROM)
– EEPROM ( Electrically EPROM)
Input and Output Processing Devices
• The digital signal that generally compatible with the
microprocessor in the PLC is 5V DC.
• Common input voltage is 5V and 24V and common output
voltage are 24V and 240V.
• Outputs are often specified as being
– Relay type
– Transistor type
– Triac type
 PLC Programming
• The programming of PLC is based on the Ladder diagram
PLC Programming
Each line of
instruction is called
rung
 The pin diagram of 8051
microcontroller contd..
• Pin 20 − This pin provides the power supply to the circuit.
• Pins 21 to 28 − These pins are known as Port 2. It serves as I/O port. Higher order address
bus signals are also multiplexed using this port.
• Pin 29 − This is PSEN pin which stands for Program Store Enable. It is used to read a signal
from the external program memory.
• Pin 30 − This is EA pin which stands for External Access input. It is used to enable/disable
the external memory interfacing.
• Pin 31 − This is ALE pin which stands for Address Latch Enable. It is used to demultiplex the
address-data signal of port.
• Pins 32 to 39 − These pins are known as Port 0. It serves as I/O port. Lower order address
and data bus signals are multiplexed using this port.
• Pin 40 − This pin is used to provide power supply to the circuit.
Thank You