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Longitudinal Waves

Longitudinal waves are mechanical waves that require a medium and involve particles of the medium vibrating parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Longitudinal waves cannot travel through space since there is no medium present. Sound waves are a type of longitudinal wave that propagate through air or other matter as a result of vibration. The pitch and loudness of sounds depend on their frequency and amplitude, respectively. The Doppler effect causes changes in the perceived pitch and loudness of moving sound sources due to the relative motion between the source and observer.

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Firdaus Kamal Bahrin

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

248 views26 pages

Longitudinal Waves

Uploaded by

Firdaus Kamal Bahrin

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Longitudinal Waves

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1Q5TFMqsFo (longitudinalhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cDAYFTXq3E
wave (longitudinal vs. transverse)
Essential Question (pg. 81): What happens if
the medium vibrates the same way as the
wave motion?
 It creates a longitudinal wave.
Which direction does the medium vibrate
in relation to the wave motion for a
longitudinal wave?
• It vibrates parallel to the wave motion.
Can a longitudinal wave travel in outer space?

• No, longitudinal wave is a mechanical wave,

meaning that it must travel through a medium and
since there are no air particles in space, therefore,
longitudinal waves cannot exist.

https://youtu.be/MqF3pPU1Z4U?t=20s (stop at 3:25)

Your Question: What are compressions?
• Places where particles of a medium crowd
closer together.
Essential Question (pg. 85): How are
sounds made?
• They are vibrations
in the form of
wave energy.

https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=3-xKZKxXuu0
What must happen for us to hear a sound?
• When an object vibrates it compresses
surrounding air molecules and makes them
vibrate. (each molecule makes the one next to it
vibrate)
Can sound exist in space?
• No, Because there are no particles in in space to
vibrate. Therefore, There is no medium in space.
What is the difference between the pitch and
the loudness of sound?

• Pitch: depends on frequency,

meaning how many waves
are created in a given
amount of time.
• Loudness: depends on
amplitude, which is the
intensity of the energy transferred.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTZcSaP
n92s
What is the SI unit for:

Pitch: Hertz (Hz)

Volume: Decibels (dB)

Why does sound travel faster in solids
than liquids:
• Sound travels faster in solids than liquids,
because in solids the particles are closer to each
other, therefore, they can easily pass the energy
of vibration to nearby particles.
Essential Question (pg. 91): Why do cars sound
different when they drive past me?
The perceived change in pitch and volume of a moving
car passing a stationary person is due the Doppler
Effect.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4
OnBYrbCjY
How will the sound of a train whistle change if the train
is moving away from me?
The sound of the train will be
heard as a lower pitch and
volume, because as the
train moves away from a
stationary person, the
waves spread out behind
the train.
What causes the Doppler Effect?
Doppler effect happens when:
1. The source of sound is moving relative to the
stationary listeners.
2. The source of sound is
stationary relative to the
moving listeners.
Do the Frequency and the amplitude of
the sound source actually change?
• No, they seem to be changing because the
sound source is moving relative to the
listeners.
Essential Question (pg. 93): How does science
help us understand how instruments work?
It helps us understand how “sound” is created as a
result of vibrating of objects.
What do all musical instruments have in
common?
1. They all create sound by causing matter to
vibrate.
2. Most instruments use resonance to amplify
sound.
3. Most instruments have a way of changing
frequency of the sound.
What is resonance?
Resonance occurs when external vibrations match an object’s
natural vibration or when vibration of one object causes
another object to vibrate at the same frequency.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xggxeu
FDaDU
(tacoma bridge collapse)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I
ZD8ffPwXRo
Your Question: which part of the wave
does resonance increase?
Resonance increases
amplitude of vibration.
Essential Question (pg. 97): How do scientists and
engineers use sound?
They use sound in different technologies such as:
• sonar to locate objects
like submarines underwater.
• Ultrasonography to see
inside the human body.
How does a bat find its food at night?

Echolocation: It sends
out ultrasound waves
and use their echo/reflection
in order to locate objects
they cannot see.
How are sound waves used?
Echolocation: Animals such as bats and dolphins send
out ultrasound waves and use their echoes (the reflected
waves) to identify the location of objects they cannot see.

Sonar: Device that sends and receives ultrasound waves

and uses the speed formula to find distance. (Distance =
Speed x Time)

Ultrasonography: Used to see inside human body by

sending harmless ultrasound waves.
Explain how a fisherman's’ fish finder
works?
• Uses a sonar system, which sends and
receives ultrasounds to locate the fish.

https://youtu.be/Hx0G2712QiA?t=23s
(stop at minute 1:29)
What is the formula used to calculate
distance?

Distance = Speed x Time

Law of Reflection
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vt-SG7Pn8UU
Bill nye:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1Q5TFMqsFo
Longitudinal vs. Transverse:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cDAYFTXq3E
Frequency vs. volume
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTZcSaPn92s
Breaking wine glass using resonance:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZD8ffPwXRo
Washing machine breaking due to resonance: (start from 15 seconds)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vROdVsU_K80
How sonar works
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hx0G2712QiA
Dolphins and bats
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odq7W2u2Xj8
The Doppler Effect:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4OnBYrbCjY
Resonance causing destruction (Tacoma bridge destruction, 1940)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFzu6CNtqec
Wave Medium Frequency

Mechanical waves Decibels Pitch

Transverse waves Electromagnetic waves