Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College

Junior High School Department

A.S.Y 2022-2023
 WELCOME
To Our
Class 2022-2023
Teacher: Mr. James B. Albor
BASIC IDEAS OF
SETS
• SET REPRESENTATIONS

• ELEMENTS OF A SET AND WELL-

DEFINED SETS

• NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN A SET

Described and illustrate well-defined sets and null set.
Identify the elements of a set.

Identify the cardinality of a set .

Differentiate between finite and infinite sets.
CONNECT
The concept of sets is used in
practically all areas of mathematics.
You have been working with sets of
numbers and sets of shapes and the
relationship among them. Now you
will study more closely the basic idea
of sets.
 Basic ideas of sets
 UNLOCKING WORDS DIFFICULTY
 Odd Numbers { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …}
 
 Prime Numbers { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, …}
 
 Composite Numbers { 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, …}
 
 Perfect Squares {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, …}
 
 Multiples { Skip counting by…}
 
 Factors { Numbers which can be divided without remainder}
 
 SET
REPRESENTATION
S
ACTIVITY
A B C
 From the given table.
 
A={ } B={ }
A = {banana, pear, orange} B = {shoe, jacket, cap}
A = {set of fruits} B = {set of objects that can be worn}

C={ }
C = { toy car, doll, ball}
C = {set of toys}
Exploration

A. In the following collection of

objects, find the one that is
not part of the group.
1 boat

Kalesa

car

bus

airplane
2 carabao

chicken

cow

pig

goat
3 bulacan

pampanga

batangas

Bataan

tarlac
4 hexagon

quadrilateral

rectangle

rhombus

square
5 meter

centimeter

kilometer

Square meter

decimeter
6 2

12

24

11

30
7 1
2

0.5

4
8

1.5

50%
B. Find the least two numbers
of each of the following
sets, if possible.
1. The set of students over 13
years old in this class.
2. The set of even numbers.
3. The set of prime numbers
which are even.
4. The set of perfect square
numbers less than 25.
5. The set of factors of 24.
Definition of set
A set is a collection, group, class or aggregate of objects. It
is named using CAPITAL letter. Each object in a set is
called a member or an element of a set.

ELEMENT
- the symbol used for element.

- the symbol used for not an element.

The following are examples, where each set is denoted by CAPITAL
letter.
A = {school days in a week}
A = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday}
 
B = {whole numbers}
B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …}
 
C = {prime numbers below 10}
C = {2, 3, 5, 7}
How to use the symbol of element and not
element.

Monday A, read as
“Monday is an element of set A”.

Saturday A, read as
“Saturday is not an element of set A”.
There are three ways in which we can describe a set. These
are the following:

1. Roster Notation or Listing Method

it is a method describing a set by listing each element
of the set inside the symbol { }.

Example:
A = { p, h, i, l, n, e, s} B = {5, 10, 15, …}

C = {moon}
 2. Verbal Description Method
it is a method describing a set of words. We can
describe the sets named in number 1 as fallows:

Example:

• Set A is the set of letters in the word “Philippines.”

• Set B is the set of positive multiple of 5.

• Set C is the set of natural Earth Satellite.

 3. Set Builder Notation
it is a method that lists the rules that determine
whether an object is an element of the set rather than the
actual elements.

Example:
A = {x / x is the letter of the word “Philippines”}

B = {x / x is a positive multiple of 5}

C = {x / x is a natural satellite of Earth}

More Examples:
Listing or Roster Verbal Description
Set - Builder Notation
Method Method
A = {set of English A = {x/x is a vowel in
A = {a, e, i, o, u}
vowels alphabet} the English alphabet}
B = {set of primary B = {x/x is a primary
B = {blue, red, yellow}
color} color}
C = {set of whole C = {x/x is a whole
C = {0, 1, 2, 3, ….. 9}
numbers less than ten} number less than ten}
D = {set of even D = {x/x is an even
D = {0, 2, 4, …}
numbers} number}
 TRY THIS
A. Write the verbal description for each of the following sets.
1. D = {5, 10, 15, 20, …}
2. E = {a, b, c, ….., z}
3. F = {4, 8, 12, 16, …., 96}
Answer:
1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
B. List the elements of the following sets.
1. M = {x / x > 6, x is an odd integer}
2. T = {x / x is a city in Metro Manila}
3. H = {x / x is a counting number between 4 and 28}
Answer:
1._________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________
C. Write the following using se-builder notation.
1. A = {5, 10, 15,…, 30}
2. L = {September, April, June, November}
3. Y = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, … }

Answer:
1.__________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________
D. Write each set using the three method. Use capital letters given
below to name of the set.
 
A = months of the year beginning with J.

B = odd numbers less than 12.

C = natural numbers less than 10.

D = factors of 36.

E = Days of the week.

 Listing or Roster
Description Method Set Builder Notation
Method
     
 
 

     
 
 

     
 
 

     
 
 

     
 
 
 ELEMENTS OF A SET AND
WELL-DEFINED SET

A set may be thought of as a well-defined collection of

objects. These objects are called elements or member of
the set.
 ACTIVITY
Are You a Member of the Set?
 
Say “Hello” if you are a member of this set.

1. Set of students who are born in July

2. Set of students who love pizza
3. Set of students who like baking or cooking
4. Set of students who like basketball
5. Set of students who like reading book
Example:
Fill in the blank with or .

Set A = {even number between 0 and 10}

Set B = {letters of the alphabet between c and j}

 
1) 2_______ A 3) 12_______A 5) g______B
 
2) 5_______A 4) b_______B 6) e______B
 SOLUTION:
A = {2, 4, 6, 8}
B = {d, e, f, g, h, I}
1) 2_______A
2) 5_______A, since 5 is not an even number.
3) 12_______A, since 12 in no between 0 and 10.
4) b_______B, since b is not between c and j.
5) g______B
6) e______B
TRY THIS

Fill in the blank with or .

Set A = {months of the year ending in “ber”}

 
1) January _______A 3) December ________A
 
2) October _______A 4) August ________A
Definition of Well-Defined Set

The set is a well-defined, if the elements can be

definitely determined or if the element can be identify
whether or not it belong to the set.
Example:
Which of the following sets are well-defined?
a. the set of all large numbers

b. the set of all multiples of 5

c. the set of good politicians

d. the set of honest students in your class

 SOLUTION:
a. The set is not well-defined. Some people will have
different opinions on which numbers are large.
b. The set is well-defined. Numbers that are multiples of 5
can easily be determined from the others.
c. The set is not well-defined. Some people may include
different politicians in the set.
d. The set is not well-defined because there is no
common agreement as to what is meant by “hinest
students”.
TRY THIS

Which of the following sets are well-defined?

a. the set of all factors of 18

b. the set of friendly students in your class

c. the set of all subjects in grade 7

d. the set of popular actors

Number of element in
a set
Explore
How many days are there in a week?
Su M T W
 
How many of these days are in school
days? Th F Sa

 
There are 7 days in a week. If A represents the days of
the week, we denote the number of elements in A as
n(A) = 7.
Definition of Cardinality
The cardinal number of a set A, denoted by n(A), is
the number of elements in the set.
Thus, in A = {a, e, i, o, u}, n(A) = 5 because set A
contains 5 elements.
Example:
1) A = {1, 5, 9, 11, 13, 17}
n(A) = 5
 
2) B = {a, d, g, j, m, p, s}
n(B) = 7
 
3) C = {Mathematics, English, Science, AP, MAPEH, Filipino}
n(C) = 6
 
4) D = {x / x is a letter in the word Philippines}
n(D) = 8, since p’s are counted as one. The same with true i’s.
 ACTIVITY
Count Me In 
Say “Hi” if you are a member of this set.

F = {students with a facebook account}

B= {a girl with a long beard}

What is the n(F)? What is n(B)?

Notice that some sets have no elements.

B = { a girl with a long beard}

N(B) = 0
 
A set with no members is called an empty or null set.
It is denoted by the symbol { } or the Danish letter .
 
Definition of Finite and Infinite Set
ACTIVITY
Listing the Elements of the Set
List the elements of each set.
1. The set of counting numbers less than 8
2. The set of counting number greater than 4
3. The set of subjects that you have in school
4. The set of stars in the sky
Can you list all the elements in each set?
Sets may be described as finite or infinite. 
A set is a finite set if the cardinality of the set can be determined,
that is the number of elements are limited, the counting come to an
end.

Example:  
A = {x/x is a vowel in the English alphabet}
B = {x/x is a primary color}
C = {East, West. North, South}

The cardinality as follows: n(A) = 5 ; n(B) = 3 ; n(C) = 4

 

A set is an infinite set if the counting of elements does not

end, that is the number of elements in unlimited.

Example:
D = {x/x is a whole number}

E = {x/x is an even number}

F = {x/x is a multiple of 10}

 
 TRY THIS
Identify if each of the following sets is a finite or infinite set. If finite,
determine the cardinality of the set.
 
____________1) Set of letters in the English alphabet.
____________2) Set of months with 31 days.
____________3) Set of multiples of 4 less than 60.
____________4) Set of numbers greater than 36.
____________5) Set of odd numbers.
____________6) Set of land continents.
____________7) Set of days in a week.
____________8) Set of multiple of seven.
____________9) Set of whole numbers greater than 6 but less than 17.
____________10) Set of three digit numbers that can be formed from 1, 3, 4,
5.
____________11) Set of country belonging to ASEAN.
____________12) Set of Filipino catholic saints.
____________13) Set of subjects in Grade 7.
____________14) Set of presidents in the Philippines.
____________15) Set of sense organ.