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Interactive Graphics

Interactive graphics involve two-way communication between a computer and user through input devices, allowing the user to control images displayed and receive feedback from the computer; the conceptual framework includes input/output devices, a graphics system, application program, and application model to render graphics; key components are a digital memory buffer to store images, a display device like a monitor to view the output, and a display controller to transfer images from the buffer to the monitor.

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Shikhar Suryan
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276 views10 pages

Interactive Graphics

Interactive graphics involve two-way communication between a computer and user through input devices, allowing the user to control images displayed and receive feedback from the computer; the conceptual framework includes input/output devices, a graphics system, application program, and application model to render graphics; key components are a digital memory buffer to store images, a display device like a monitor to view the output, and a display controller to transfer images from the buffer to the monitor.

Uploaded by

Shikhar Suryan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Interactive Graphics

What are interactive graphics?


• Interactive Computer Graphics involves a two way communication
between computer and user. Here the observer is given some control over
the image by providing them with an input device for example the video
game controller of the ping pong game. This helps them to signal their
request to the computer.

• The computer on receiving signals from the input device can modify the
displayed picture appropriately. To the user it appears that the picture is
changing instantaneously in response to his commands. He can give a
series of commands, each one generating a graphical response from the
computer. In this way he maintains a conversation, or dialogue, with the
computer.
Conceptual framework of interactive graphics
The high level conceptual framework for interactive graphics consists of input and
output devices, graphics system, application program and application model. A
computer receives input from the input devices and outputs images to a
display(hardware).
There are three software components of conceptual framework:
• Application Model/ DB
• Application program
• Graphics Library
• Graphics Library/API – Between application and display hardware.
• Application Program – An application program maps all application
objects to images by invoking graphics.
• Graphics System – An interface that interacts between Graphics
library and hardware.
• All modifications to the image are the result of the user interaction.
Working/Components of interactive graphics
Interactive computer graphics consists of three components such as:
• Digital memory buffer/Frame buffer
• TV monitor(display device)
• Display controller
1. Digital Memory Buffer
Frame or Digital memory buffer is the video RAM (V-
RAM) that is used to hold or map the image displayed
on the screen. The amount of memory required to hold
the image depends primarily on the resolution of the
screen image and also the colour depth used per pixel.
This is the place where images or pictures are stored
as an array(matrix of 0’s and 1’s where 0 represents
darkness and 1 represents image/picture)
The formula to calculate how much video memory is
required at a given resolution and bit depth is as
follows:

Memory in MB =

Where, X -> X-Resolution


Y -> Y-Resolution
B -> Bits per pixel
2. TV monitor(Display Device)
Monitors simply helps us to view the respected
output.
The display device in modern monitors is typically a
thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD)
with LED backlighting.
Previous monitors used a cathode-ray tube (CRT)
and some plasma (also called gas-plasma) displays.
Monitors are connected to the computer via VGA,
Digital Visual Interface (DVI), HDMI, DisplayPort,
USB-C, low-voltage differential signalling (LVDS) or
other proprietary connectors and signals.
3. Display Controller
It is an interface between digital memory buffer
and TV monitor. The main function of this is to
pass the contents of frame buffer to the monitor.
The display controller reads each successive
byte of the data from the frame buffer memory
and converts 0’s and 1’s into corresponding
video signal. This signal is then fed to the TV
monitor to produce a black and white picture(or
coloured) on the screen.
Applications of interactive graphics
We can classify applications of interactive computer graphics into
four major area:
1. Display of Information
2. Design
3. User Interfaces
4. Simulation
Computational Information of Graphic Computer
Biology graphics
Design Aided Design
Display of
Information Design
Computational Scientific
Physics Visualization Web Design

Interactive
Computer
Graphics
Video Game Computer Education
Digital Art
Simulation
User Simulation
Interfaces s
Information
VR/AR
Visualization

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