Institut Perguruan Persekutuan Pulau Pinang (I4P)

Transformations I & II
Form 2 & 3

KPLI KDC MT (NOV 07)

Transformations I & II

Institut Perguruan Persekutuan Pulau Pinang (I4P)

Form 2 & 3

INDUCTION

Situation

Michael wants to call his friend, Jalani. Can you tell him how to get to the public phone ?
Left Up Right Down

Key words :

How to get to the public phone ?

Right

How to get to the public phone ?

Right

Up

Transformation I
TRANSLATION REFLECTION ROTATION

Transformation II
ENLARGEMENT

What is transformation ?
A transformation is a one-to-one correspondence between points in a plane.
A transformation also known as a mapping

TRANSFORMATION
Isometric Transformation Non Isometric Transformation

Translation II I b

Reflection
L

Rotation
P Q

Enlargement
C C

I
L

II

Diagram I is mapped to Diagram II with Translation of

a b

Diagram I mapped to Diagram II with Reflection on L line

Triangle P is mapped to Triangle Q with Rotation of 90 clockwise at origin

ABC is the image Of ABC with Enlargement at A with scale factor k

Isometric Transformation
Isometric Transformation transformation that did not change the shape & measurement of the object.
Translation Reflection Rotation Isometric transformation & combination.

Non Isometric Transformation

Enlargement Non isometric transformation Shape and size differs But the image obtained through enlargement is similar to the object. The ratio of image side length to its corresponding object side length is a constant. Ratio of image length size to object length size is known as enlargement scale factor.

Translation
Translation is a transformation which takes place when points in a plane are moved in the same direction through the same distance

Describe a Translation
In form Using horizontal (left or right) a = horizontal movement movement followed by a is negative a is positive vertical (up or down) b = vertical movement movement
b is positive a a b b

b is negative

1. Translation. transformation that moves all points of a figure the same distance in the same direction

SLIDE

Ex:

3 units to the right 2 units down

Example : Translation in the form

4 3

Example : Determine the image of in the following diagram under a translation

5 -3

Reflection
A reflection is a transformation which takes place when all points in a plane (object) are flipped over in the same plane (image) at a line known as the axis of reflection.

The Concept of Reflection

Axis of Reflection
Object and image in the same size

Same shape and size

Object and image are same distance from axis

Reflection transformation representing a flipof a figure in a point, a line or a plane

Y (a)
A

Reflect across Y - axis X

Reflect across X- axis (b)

Determine the image of an object.

Example:
Step 1
Choose A as a key point and construct perpendicular to the line PQ passing through A.

C Step 2
Mark point A on the line, so A and A are equidistance from PQ

Q P

Determine the image of an object.

Step 3
Repeat Step 1 and Step 2 for vertices B, C and D

P A

C Step 4
Join all the points.

Determining the coordinates under a reflection :

There are 2 type coordinates under a reflection : a) The coordinates of the image. b) The coordinates under the object.

a) The coordinates under the image.

Example : Find the coordinates of the point P (-3, 2) under a reflection in x-axis and y-axis

Coordinates of the image under reflection of y-axis

Coordinates of the image under reflection of x-axis

b) The coordinates of the object

Find the coordinates of the object that are mapped onto Q(3,-1) under a reflection in the line MN
Y Q(-1,3)
Image is perpendicular distance to the image Draw a perpendicular bisector line to the line give (axis of reflection)

2 Q (3,-1)

M The coordinates of the object that are mapped onto Q are (-1,3)

EXPLORE THE CONCEPT OF ROTATION

EXAMPLE

Students try to explore using other shape.

A rotation is a transformation which takes place when all points in a plane are rotated about a point in the same direction through the same angle

Example 1
90

object B C C

image

ABC under an clockwise rotation of 90 about the origin

When you are riding on a ferries wheel, you are experiencing a rotation.

Amusement park swings allow you to experience a rotation. Rotations can be seen in nature. The leaf on this plant illustrates the concept of a rotation. The center of rotation is the point where the leaf is attached to the stem.

Rotations can be seen in planetary movement. The concept of rotations can be seen in wallpaper designs and art work

Properties Of a Rotation
1. The shape, sizes and orientation of the object and its image are the same. 2. The centre of rotation is the only point that does not change its position under the rotation. 3. An object and its image are equidistant from the centre of rotation

Identify an Enlargement

Enlargement is a type of transformation whereby all the points of an object move from a fixed point at a constant ratio. The fixed point is known as the centre of enlargement. The constant ratio is known as the scale factor.

Example: 1

Triangle A is enlargement at scale factor 2

cente r

Under an enlargement, all the points of an object move from a fixed point at a constant ratio. Centre of enlargement (0, 1) This constant ratio is known as the scale factor.

Example: 2 Triangle of diagram 1 is enlargement at scale factor 3

cente r

Enlargement at center A

Formulae
Scale factor k = Distance from image to centre of enlargement Distance from object to centre of enlargement Example: 1 Triangle A is enlargement at scale factor 2 Example: 2 Triangle of diagram 1 is enlargement at scale factor 3

Properties Of Enlargement The image of an enlargement is similar in shape to the original object, bur different in size. The corresponding sides are parallel. The image and object are similar figures. The centre of enlargement is a fixed point or an invariant point.

EXERCISE

EXERCISE 1

In the figure below, place the image of triangle L under the translation
.

-5 2

EXERCISE 2 In the diagram below, triangles labeled I, II and III are the images of the colored triangle after transformation. Choose the image of colored triangle after rotation 90 anti clockwise at the origin. y

Prepared by:
Muhammad Jamil Bin Ismail KPLI-KDC MT NOV 07 012-5867131 [email protected]

Mohammad Rosyidi Bin Che Pa KPLI-KDC MT NOV 07 019-5454875 [email protected]