Scribd
Upload
260 views11 pages

Class 1

The document discusses factors to consider when designing substations, including: - Economical transmission voltage is determined by the minimum cost of conductors, insulators, transformers, and other equipment based on voltage. Higher voltages allow more efficient power transmission with less material but increase insulator, transformer, and equipment costs. - An empirical formula determines economical transmission voltage based on line power and distance. Transformer capacities are specified for different voltage levels. Short-circuit levels should not exceed 80% of equipment ratings. - Substations are classified by service type and construction. Important criteria for evaluating potential substation sites include economic, technical, land, environmental, access, and grid integration factors.

Uploaded by

RAKESH CHANDRA PATRA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
260 views11 pages

Class 1

The document discusses factors to consider when designing substations, including: - Economical transmission voltage is determined by the minimum cost of conductors, insulators, transformers, and other equipment based on voltage. Higher voltages allow more efficient power transmission with less material but increase insulator, transformer, and equipment costs. - An empirical formula determines economical transmission voltage based on line power and distance. Transformer capacities are specified for different voltage levels. Short-circuit levels should not exceed 80% of equipment ratings. - Substations are classified by service type and construction. Important criteria for evaluating potential substation sites include economic, technical, land, environmental, access, and grid integration factors.

Uploaded by

RAKESH CHANDRA PATRA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

SUBSTATION DESIGN

COURSE

CLASS -01
VOLTAGE SELECTION
The transmission voltages for which the cost of conductors, cost of insulators,
transformers, switchgear and other terminal appa­ratus is minimum is called
economical transmission voltage.
Advantages Of High Voltage Transmission:
1. Efficient transmission of larger amounts of power.
2. Saving in conductor material
3. Improved Voltage Regulation

Limitations:
With increase in the transmission voltage
1. cost of insulators increases
2. cost of transformers increases
3. cost of switchgear increases
4. cost of lightning arrestor increases
5. cost of support towers increases (as taller towers with longer cross arms are
required)
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
According to the American practice, is used. According to this formula, an economical
transmission voltage for a 3 phase AC system is given as

Where,
V = line voltage in kV
       P = maximum power per phase (in kW) to be delivered over single circuit
       L = distance of transmission in km
TRANSFORMATION CAPACITY
PER CEA GUIDELINES)
(AS

Voltage Level Transformer Capacity Maximum Capacity


765 kV 9000 MVA
400 kV 2000 MVA
220 kV 500 MVA
132 kV 250 MVA
SC LEVELS
The maximum short-circuit level on any new substation bus should not exceed 80% of the rated short
circuit capacity of the substation. The 20% margin is intended to take care of the increase in short-
circuit levels as the system grows. The rated breaking current capability of switchgear at different
voltage levels may be taken as given below:

Voltage Level Rated Breaking Capacity


132 kV - 31.5 kA
220 kV - 40 kA
400 kV - 50 kA / 63 kA
765 kV - 40 kA / 50 kA

Measures such as splitting of bus, series reactor, or any new technology may also be adopted to limit
the short circuit levels at existing substations wherever they are likely to cross the designed limits
CLASSIFICATION OF SUB-
STATIONS
There are several ways of classifying sub-stations. However, the two most important ways of
classifying them are according to
1. Service requirement and
2. Constructional features.
Based on Service requirement:
Based on constructional features
1. Transformer Substation
 Outdoor substation
2. Switching substation  Indoor substation
3. Power factor correction Substation  Underground substation
4. Converting Substation  Pole mounted substation
5. Industrial Substation.
SUBSTATION SITE
EVALUATION CRITERIA
1. Economic Evaluation
2. Technical Evaluation
Economical evaluation should address the level of affordability, return on
investment, initial capital cost, and life cycle cost.
TECHNICAL EVALUATION:
• Land: choose areas that minimize the need for earth movement and soil disposal.
• Water: avoid interference with the natural drainage network.
• Vegetation: choose low productivity farming areas or uncultivated land.
• Protected areas: avoid any areas or spots listed as protected areas.
• Community planning: avoid urban areas, development land, or land held in reserve for future development.
• Community involvement: engage community in the approval process.
• Topography: flat but not prone to flood or water stagnation.
• Soil: suitable for construction of roads and foundations; low soil resistivity is desirable.
• Access: easy access to and from the site for transportation of large equipment, operators, and maintenance
teams.
• Line entries: establishment of line corridors (alternatives: multi-circuit pylons, UG lines).
• Pollution: risk of equipment failure and maintenance costs increase with pollution level.
GRID SUBSTAION SELECTION
Should be Near to our Substation

Power System Studies


 Load Flow Analysis
 Short Circuit Analysis
 Contingency Analysis etc.,

Land Availability
ANY
QUERIES

You might also like