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Encoder Basics

Encoder devices digitally measure rotational position and movement and come in various types and designs. Incremental encoders output two channels of pulses (A and B) that are 90 degrees out of phase to indicate speed and direction of rotation. Common encoder technologies use either magnetic sensing or optical sensing, and encoders can be designed with hollow shafts, flange couplings, or bearingless mounting to the motor shaft.

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Francisco Javier Gonzalez
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102 views

Encoder Basics

Encoder devices digitally measure rotational position and movement and come in various types and designs. Incremental encoders output two channels of pulses (A and B) that are 90 degrees out of phase to indicate speed and direction of rotation. Common encoder technologies use either magnetic sensing or optical sensing, and encoders can be designed with hollow shafts, flange couplings, or bearingless mounting to the motor shaft.

Uploaded by

Francisco Javier Gonzalez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Encoder Basics #1

10/01/22 p1
Encoder Basics

We will be covering:

• Common names & definitions


• Types
• Technology
• Mechanical designs
• Output
• Applications

Confidential p2
Different Names for Encoders

• Rotopulser
• Pulse Generator
• Digital Tachometer
• Tach
• Pulse Tach
• Shaft Encoder

A lot of names…..

Confidential p3
Definitions

• Tachometer – Analog device that produces a voltage


proportional to speed.
• Encoder – Digital device that produces pulses based on
rotational position

Confidential p4
Encoder Basics
Encoder Types:

• Incremental
– Provides identical electronic pulses at each division of shaft
rotation.
– Used for speed or velocity control of motors

• Absolute
– Provides a unique electronic piece of information at each
division of shaft position.
– Used for positioning systems

• Resolver
– Provides sine wave and cosine wave to provide both velocity
and position feedback.

Confidential p5
Encoder Basics
Sensing Technologies:

• Magnetic (Magneto-resistive) NORTHSTAR


– Tough and simple
– Heavy Duty enough for Mills
– No Optics (no glass breakage)
– Limited to 2048 PPR

• DYNAPAR
Optical
– Higher Resolution (up to 10,000 PPR) &
– Better signal quality NORTHSTAR HD OPTICAL
– Shafted and Hollow shaft designs

Confidential p6
Magneto-Resistive Technology

• Features a magnetic pulse wheel


that is imprinted with numerous,
small magnetic poles.

• Rotation of the magnetic pulse wheel


creates an alternating pattern of
north-south magnetic fields for the
pick-up head.

• The electrical circuit in the sensor


produces digital pulses proportional
to motor speed.

Confidential p7
Optical Technology
• Utilizes a glass, plastic or metal rotating disc that operates in an
light path between a photoelectric transmitter (LED) and
receiver.

Confidential p8
Encoder Mounting Styles

10/01/22 p9
Encoder Basics
Mechanical Designs: NorthStar: HSD35,
HSD37, Slim Tach HS56
• Hollow Shaft
Dynapar:
– Encoder mounting on shaft
extension with bearings and HS20 & HS35
torque arm.

• Coupled
– Machined face, bracket, stub NorthStar: RIM 6200, HSD44
shaft and a flexible coupling.
Dynapar: H56 Rotopulser

• Bearingless
– Frame of encoder bolts to
NorthStar:
motor, pulse wheel mounts on
shaft extension or stub shaft. SLIM Tach:
SL56, SL85, RL67
RIM Tach:
RIM8500, RIM1250

Confidential p 10
Hollow Shaft Encoders
• The lowest cost encoder to install
– No couplings to align or isolate
– No adapter (flower pot)
– No machined fan cover required on TEFC motors

• Flexible torque arm


– Allow encoder to ride freely on shaft extension
– If too rigid, provide stress on encoder bearings
– Arm must be isolated from motor to avoid motor shaft
currents from damaging encoder bearings

• Ideal for Reliance TEFC V*S Master motors


– Good for all motor enclosures

Confidential p 11
Coupled Encoders
• Highest installation cost.
– Requires a expensive, flexible coupling
– Requires adapter (flower pot) between encoder and motor
– On larger motors, an expensive insulated coupling may be required to
protect Coupled Encoder bearings
– V*S Master TEFC motors requires a special cast iron machined fan
cover
Flexible Coupling Machined Adapter Bracket

Confidential p 12
Bearingless Encoders
• Less space required
– No couplings to align or isolate
– Can have a thru shaft
– Can be mounted between brake and motor
– Can be mounted on drive or non-drive end

• No bearings to fail!
– Pulse wheel mounted directly on shaft extension
– Encoder housing bolted to motor bracket
– No concerns with motor currents damaging bearings

• Ideal for Reliance RPM-AC and DC motors


– Good to mount between brake and motor bracket on TENV, DPFV
and TEBC-PB enclosures
– Not recommended for V*S Master motors

Confidential p 13
Incremental Outputs

Magnetic & Optical

10/01/22 p 14
Encoder Outputs

• Incremental encoders are usually supplied with two channels (A &


B) that are offset by 90 degrees.
• If complements are included (A, B ), the signal is “quadrature”,
providing speed of rotation AND direction of rotation.

A
A

B
Encoder
B

Confidential p 15
Single Output, Quadrature Signal with Complements

• Signal A leads B in one direction, B leads A in the reverse


direction
• Complement pulses, A and B are used to provide electrical
noise immunity for the signal as it travels through the cable.

A
A

B
Encoder
B

Confidential p 16
Marker Pulse
A marker pulse (reference, index or Z pulse) is a once per revolution
pulse that occurs at precisely the same mechanical point in a 360º
revolution of the encoder shaft.

Marker
Z

Although a “Marker” pulse is standard on some encoders, it is


additional feature (charge) on many encoders. Ask for one, if you
need one.

Confidential p 17

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