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Loop Test For Location of Faults in Underground Cables

The document describes several loop tests used to locate faults in underground cables, including Blavier's test, Fisher loop test, Murray loop test, and Varley loop test. Blavier's test involves measuring cable resistance from the sending end to earth with the far end open and shorted to determine the fault location. The Fisher loop test uses two healthy cables connected by a low resistance wire to locate faults. The Murray loop test loops a faulty cable with a sound cable and balances resistances to determine the fault distance. The Varley loop test also loops a faulty cable with a healthy one and uses a variable resistance to identify the fault location.

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Cathryn Frias
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619 views21 pages

Loop Test For Location of Faults in Underground Cables

The document describes several loop tests used to locate faults in underground cables, including Blavier's test, Fisher loop test, Murray loop test, and Varley loop test. Blavier's test involves measuring cable resistance from the sending end to earth with the far end open and shorted to determine the fault location. The Fisher loop test uses two healthy cables connected by a low resistance wire to locate faults. The Murray loop test loops a faulty cable with a sound cable and balances resistances to determine the fault distance. The Varley loop test also loops a faulty cable with a healthy one and uses a variable resistance to identify the fault location.

Uploaded by

Cathryn Frias
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Loop Test for Location

of Faults in
Underground Cables
Blavier
Loop
Test
Blavier’s Test is used to find the earth fault location in an underground cable. The two ends faulty
cable are mentioned as sending end and far end respectively as shown in fig 1. In this test, the
sending end of the cable must be open and isolated and the resistance between sending end and
earth point is measured by keeping the far end isolated from earth and then it measured keeping far
end of the faulty cable, shorted to the ground.
Suppose, we get, resistance values R1 and R2 in these two said measurements respectively. In the
fault location, the conductor is shorted to ground, because of fault. Therefore, this short circuit may
have some resistance that is mentioned as g.

In Blavier’s test the total line resistance is supposed to be mentioned as L. The resistance between
the sending end to the fault end is mentioned as x and the resistance between the fault end to the far
end is denoted as y.
So, the total resistance L is equals to the addition of x and y resistances.
The total resistance of the x and g loop is R1 – the conductor resistance between sending end
and earth by keeping far end open.

The total resistance of the entire loop of the above circuit is R2 – the conductor resistance between
sending end and earth by keeping far end earthed.                             

By solving the above three equation and eliminating g and y;


Fisher loop
test
Fisher Loop Test

In this Fisher Loop Test, there must be two healthy sound cables which must have the same
length and same cross sectional area as the faulty cable. As per the Fig.6 and 7 circuit
diagram, all the three cables are connected by a low resistance wire.

The bridge arms are RA‘, RB‘, RS2 and [RX + RY]. Here [RS1 = RS2]. Two balancing are necessary
as per the two different circuits. Let, for the first balance, the expressions are as follows;

For the second balance, the expressions are as follows;


From the expression (1) and (2),

If the bridge arm resistors are equal (or) if [(RA + RB) = (RA‘ + RB‘)], then the expression (3) can be modified as,

So, when the resistance per unit length of the conductor is uniform in all conditions, then the fault location
LX is as follows;

Here ‘L’ if the total length of the faulty cable. There would be fractional changes in the bridge arms. Thus,
the fault location LX is as follows;
Murray
Loop Test
Earth Fault
Murray Loop
Test
Earth Fault
Murray
Loop Test
Short Circuit Fault
Murray Loop
Test
Short Circuit Fault
Varley
Loop Test
• A Murray loop test is conducted
on a 400-m long faulty cable. At
balance, the resistance connected
to the faulty core was set to 40-
ohms and the resistance of the
resistor connected to the sound
core was 60-ohms. What is the
distance of the fault from the test
end?
• Murray loop test is performed on
a faulty cable 300m long. At
balance, the resistance connected
to the faulty core was set a 15m
and the resistance of the resistor
connected to the sound core was
45 ohm. Calculate the distance of
the fault point from the test end
• In a test by Murray loop for
ground fault on 500m of cable
having a resistance of 1.6ohm/km,
the faulty cable is looped with a
sound cable of the same length
and area of cross section. If the
ratio of the other two arms of the
testing network at balance is 3:1,
find the distance of the fault from
the testing end of the cables.
• In a test for a fault to earth on 500m
length of cable having a resistance of
1 ohm per 1000m, the faulty cable is
looped with a sound cable of the same
length but having a resistance of 2.25
ohm per 1000m. The resistance of the
other two arms of the testing network
of balance are in the ratio of 2.75:1.
Calculate the distance of the fault
from the testing end of the cable.
• Varley loop test is performed to locate
an earth fault on a 20-km long cable.
The resistance per km of the single
conductor is 20ohms. The loop is
completed with a similar healthy
conductor. At balance, the variable
resistance connected to the faulty
conductor is 200ohms. The fixed
resistance have equal values.
Calculate the distance of the fault
from the test end.
THANK YOU 

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