OLD GILBERT BRIDGE

Vice Governor Newton W. Gilbert

1912

Padsan River, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte

Definition

A quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon having four angles.

Special Types of Quadrilateral

1. A parallelogram is a
quadrilateral in which
both pairs of opposite
sides are parallel.
Special Types of Quadrilateral
2. A rectangle is a
parallelogram with four
right angles, so all    
rectangles are also
parallelograms and    

quadrilaterals. On the
other hand, not all    

quadrilaterals and
parallelograms are
rectangles.
Special Types of Quadrilateral

3. A rhombus is a
parallelogram with
four congruent sides.
Special Types of Quadrilateral
Special Types of Quadrilateral
4.
4. A square
A square can
canbebedefined
definedas as
a rhombus
a which is also a rectangle – in
other words, a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four
rhombus which is also a
right angles.
rectangle – in other words, a
parallelogram with four  

congruent sides and four right

angles.
Special Types of Quadrilateral
Special Types of Quadrilateral
4. A square can be defined as a rhombus which is also a rectangle – in
other words, a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four
5.rightA trapezoid
angles. is a
quadrilateral with
exactly one pair of
parallel sides.
Special Types of Quadrilateral
Special Types of Quadrilateral
4. A square can be defined as a rhombus which is also a rectangle – in
a. Isosceles
other words, a parallelogram with four congruentTrapezoid is afour
sides and
right angles. trapezoid whose
nonparallel sides are
equal.
Special Types of Quadrilateral
Special Types of Quadrilateral
4. A square can be defined as a rhombus which is also a rectangle – in
other words, a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four
6. A kite is a
right angles.
quadrilateral with
exactly two pairs of
adjacent congruent
sides.
 Diagram
Special Types of Quadrilateral
Special Types ofare
Quadrilaterals Quadrilateral
named using consecutive vertices. The symbol is
used to denote a quadrilateral. There are also parts of a quadrilateral.
4. A square can be defined as a rhombus which is also a rectangle – in
other words, a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four
Example
right angles.
1. R EA D is a quadrilateral.
R E

D A
Special Types of Quadrilateral Parts of Example
READ is a quadrilateral Quadrilateral
1. Sides 𝑅𝐸 , ´ ,𝐷𝐴
𝐸𝐴 ´ ,–𝑅𝐷
4. A square can be defined as a rhombus which is also a´rectangle ´in
R words, a parallelogram
other E with four congruent sides and four
right angles. 2. Vertices points R , E , A , D

∡ 𝐸𝑅𝐷𝑜𝑟 ∡ 𝑅
 

3. Angles ∡ 𝑅𝐸𝐴𝑜𝑟 ∡ 𝐸
D A ∡ 𝐸𝐴𝐷𝑜𝑟 ∡ 𝐴
∡ 𝑅𝐷𝐴𝑜𝑟 ∡ 𝐷
4. Diagonals 𝑅𝐴 ´
´ and 𝐷𝐸
 Parts of
Special Types of Quadrilateral
Example
Quadrilateral
4. A square can be defined 𝑎𝑛𝑑
5. Opposite Sides
´
as a rhombus
𝐷𝐴 which is also a rectangle – in
READ is a quadrilateral.
𝑎𝑛𝑑𝐸𝐴
other words, a parallelogram ´with four congruent sides and four
right angles.
6. Opposite Angles
∡ 𝐸𝑅𝐷 ∡
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝐴𝐷
∡ 𝑅𝐷𝐴𝑎𝑛𝑑∡ 𝑅𝐸𝐴
R E

𝑎𝑛𝑑  

7. Consecutive Side 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝑎𝑛𝑑 D A
𝑎𝑛𝑑
A quadrilateral is a parallelogram, if any of the following
conditions are true:
1. Opposite sides are parallel.
2. A pair of opposite sides are congruent and parallel.
3. Opposite sides are congruent.
4. Opposite angles are congruent.
5. The diagonals bisect each other.
EXAMPLE

Quadrilateral LOVE is a parallelogram.

L O

E V
 EXAMPLE Conditions Representation

Quadrilateral LOVE is a parallelogram.

 
Opposite sides are 𝐿𝑂 ∥ 𝐸𝑉
parallel. 𝐿𝐸∥ 𝑂𝑉
 
L O A pair of opposite
sides are congruent
and parallel.
S
Opposite sides are 𝐿𝑂 ≅ 𝐸𝑉
congruent. 𝐿𝐸 ≅𝑂𝑉
 
E V Opposite angles ∡ 𝑂𝐿𝐸 ≅∡ 𝑂𝑉𝐸
are congruent. ∡ 𝐿𝐸𝑉 ≅∡ 𝐿𝑂𝑉
The diagonals 𝐿𝑆=𝑉𝑆
bisect each other 𝐸𝑆=𝑆𝑂
 Properties of a Parallelogram
1. The opposite sides are parallel.
B C

A D
𝐴𝐵∥𝐶𝐷
𝐵𝐶 ∥ 𝐴𝐷
 Properties of a Parallelogram
2. The opposite sides are congruent.
B C

A D
𝐴𝐵 ≅𝐶𝐷
𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐴𝐷
 Properties of a Parallelogram
3. The opposite angles are congruent.
B C

A D
∡ A ≅ ∡C
∡ B ≅∡ D
 Properties of a Parallelogram
4. The consecutive angles are supplementary.

0
B C
m ∡ A+ m ∡ D=180
m ∡ D+ m∡ C=1800
m ∡ C +m ∡ B=1800
m ∡ A+ m ∡ B=180 0
A D
 Properties of a Parallelogram
4. The diagonals bisect each other.

𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝐶𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝐵𝐷 , B C
means .
M
𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝐷 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝐴𝐶 ,
means .
A D
 Properties of a Parallelogram
5. Each diagonal bisects the parallelogram into two congruent triangles.

𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝐶, B C
∆ABC ∆ADC
For
∆BAD ∆BCD
A D
EXAMPLE
1. Quadrilateral LOVE is a parallelogram. If find:

L O 𝑚∡ 𝑂𝐿𝐸
Solution:
=
0 0 0
𝑚 ∡ 𝑂𝐿𝐸=180 − 140 =¿ 40
E V
EXAMPLE
1. Quadrilateral LOVE is a parallelogram. If , find:

L O b.
Solution:
𝑚∡ 𝐿𝐸𝑉 ≅𝑚 ∡ 𝐿𝑂𝑉
E V =
EXAMPLE
1. Quadrilateral LOVE is a parallelogram. If , find:

L O
c.
Solution: =
0
𝑚∡ 𝑂𝑉𝐸=180 −0𝑚 ∡ 𝐿𝐸𝑉
𝑚 ∡ 𝑂𝑉𝐸=180 − 1400
E V ¿ 40 0
EXAMPLE

2. Below is a parallelogram BARE.

Given:
B A 𝐵𝐴=( 3 𝑥 −5 ) 𝑐𝑚
𝐸𝑅= ( 𝑥 +5 ) 𝑐𝑚
a. What is the value of x?
Solution: 𝐵𝐴≅ 𝐸𝑅
3x – 5 = x + 5
E R
3x – x = 5 + 5
2x = 10
x=5
EXAMPLE

2. Below is a parallelogram BARE.

Given:
B A 𝐵𝐴=( 3 𝑥 −5 ) 𝑐𝑚
𝐸 𝑅=( 𝑥+5 ) 𝑐𝑚
b. How long is?
Solution:
𝐵𝐴=( 3 𝑥 −5 ) 𝑐𝑚
E R 𝐵𝐴=3 ( 5 ) −5
=
15
–5
EXAMPLE

2. Below is a parallelogram BARE.

Given:
B A 𝐵𝐴=( 3 𝑥 −5 ) 𝑐𝑚
𝐸 𝑅=( 𝑥+5 ) 𝑐𝑚
c. Diagonals and meet at S. If is 10 cm, what
is the measure of ?
Solution: 𝐸𝐴=2(𝐸𝑆)
E R 𝐸𝐴=2 ( 10 )
𝐸𝐴=20𝑐𝑚
SUMMARY
1. A quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon having four angles.
2. Special Types of Quadrilateral
a. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of
opposite sides are parallel .
b. A rectangle is a parallelogram with four right angles, so all
rectangles are also parallelograms and quadrilaterals. On
the other hand, not all quadrilaterals and parallelograms
are rectangles.
SUMMARY
c. A rhombus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides.
d. A square can be defined as a rhombus which is also a rectangle – in
other words, a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right
angles.
e. A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides.
e.1. Isosceles Trapezoid is a trapezoid whose
nonparallel sides are equal.
f. A kite is a quadrilateral with exactly two pairs of adjacent
congruent sides.
3. Quadrilaterals are named using consecutive vertices.
SUMMARY

4. Parts of Quadrilateral
a. Sides are the four edges e. Opposite sides are two sides that do
of a quadrilateral. not have a common endpoint.
b. Vertex is a point where two f. Opposite angles are two angles that
adjacent sides meet. do not share a common side.
g. Consecutive sides are two sides
c. Angle is an angle form between
having a common endpoint.
two adjacent sides.
d. Diagonal is a line segment
joining a pair of opposite
vertices.
SUMMARY

5. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram, if any of the following conditions are

true:
a. Opposite sides are parallel;
b. A pair of opposite sides are congruent and parallel;
c. Opposite sides are congruent;
d. Opposite angles are congruent; and
e. The diagonals bisect each other.
SUMMARY

6. The properties of parallelogram are:

a. The opposite sides are parallel;
b. The opposite sides are congruent;
c. The opposite angles are congruent;
d. The consecutive angles are supplementary; and
e. The diagonals bisect each other.