Tourism planning involves situational analysis, creating a vision and goals, and strategies to achieve objectives. It occurs at international, national, and regional levels and addresses policy, infrastructure, attractions, accommodations, marketing, education, and environmental/economic impacts. Effective tourism planning can help avoid declines by managing growth responsibly and developing proper guidelines for coordination between sectors.
Tourism planning involves situational analysis, creating a vision and goals, and strategies to achieve objectives. It occurs at international, national, and regional levels and addresses policy, infrastructure, attractions, accommodations, marketing, education, and environmental/economic impacts. Effective tourism planning can help avoid declines by managing growth responsibly and developing proper guidelines for coordination between sectors.
Tourism planning involves situational analysis, creating a vision and goals, and strategies to achieve objectives. It occurs at international, national, and regional levels and addresses policy, infrastructure, attractions, accommodations, marketing, education, and environmental/economic impacts. Effective tourism planning can help avoid declines by managing growth responsibly and developing proper guidelines for coordination between sectors.
Tourism planning involves situational analysis, creating a vision and goals, and strategies to achieve objectives. It occurs at international, national, and regional levels and addresses policy, infrastructure, attractions, accommodations, marketing, education, and environmental/economic impacts. Effective tourism planning can help avoid declines by managing growth responsibly and developing proper guidelines for coordination between sectors.
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BASIC CONCEPT IN
TOURISM PLANNING, POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT MS. JESSICA ROSE P. ENRIQUEZ Define and understand the need of tourism planning
OBJECTIVES Learn the approaches and techniques of planning
Identify the major elements in planning a tourism destination is one of the most fundamental skill that you will need as a future tourism professional, this is because every company that you want to work with makes plans at every level of their organization that PLANNING includes the company that you might want to establish on your own. TOURISM POLICY TOURISM PLANNING It is defined as “a set of rules, regulations, guidelines, directives, and development/promotion objectives and strategies that -organizing the future to provide framework within which achieve certain objective. the collective, as well as individual Planning is carried out at all GENERAL decisions directly affecting long- term tourism development and levels from individuals planning their everyday CONCEPTS the daily activities within a destination are taken” (Goeldner activities and personal lives to formalized comprehensive OF PLANNING & Ritchie 2003,p.413 in Scott, 2011) national and regional It is one of the primary bases of planning undertaken by some tourism planning, along with governments national, local development plans, land use plans, natural and cultural assets of the place, environmental policy, cultural policy, foreign policy and expressed national and local needs. A. PHYSICAL IMPACTS B. HUMAN IMPACTS CONSEQUEN Less accessibility to services CES OF LACK Damage or permanent and tourist attractions for local residents resulting in OF TOURISM alteration of the physical environment local resentment.
PLANNING OR Damage or permanent
alteration of Dislike of tourists by local residents POOR historical/cultural landmarks and resources Loss of cultural identities; TOURISM Overcrowding and Lack of education of tourism employees in skills and PLANNING congestion hospitality; and Lack of awareness of the benefits of tourism to the destination areas C. MARKETING IMPACTS D. ORGANIZATIONAL E. OTHER IMPACTS IMPACTS
Failure to capitalize on new Fragmental approach to the Lack of sufficient attractions
marketing opportunities; marketing and development of and events; Erosion of market shares due to tourism, often involving actions of competitive destination “competitive splinter groups” High seasonality and short areas; Lack of cooperation among lengths of stay; Lack of sufficient awareness in individual operators; Poor or deteriorating quality prime markets; Inadequate representation of the of facilities and services; and tourism industry’s interests; Lack of a clear image of destination Poor or inadequate travel Lack of support from local public information services area in potential markets; authorities; Lack of cooperative advertising among individual operators; Failure to act on important issues, problems, and opportunities of Inadequate capitalization in common interest to the industry. packaging opportunities Many areas experienced Many success stories describe tourism cycles which start tourist destinations have with: undergone through planning supported by strong Few rich visitors commitments for their Series of expansion programs attainment. Success that has been sustain lead to conclusions THE NEED Attain saturation that beside suitable attractions, FOR TOURISM Then go into decline planning, commitment and management are principal PLANNING Then decline can be avoided elements in determining the decline or success of a tourist through: destination. Tourism plan and Responsible planning development program prov ide guidelines for areas in which Proper management government is necessary to coordinate the different sectors to better service IS THE PROCESS OF gathering and evaluating information to identify and prioritize current tourism development issues, imagining a desired future state of tourism in the destination, and choosing from a number of alternatives for achieving them.
TOURISM This process involves
PLANNING Situational Analysis, Vision, Mission, Goals, and Objectives Vision is the desires future state of the destination Goals are broad-based targets for tourism Objectives are targets that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound. Strategies are the method which objectives will be achieved Planning at the international level usually takes place through: (WTO) and it’s regional commission (ICAO) (IATA) (PATA) (CTO) Tourism Council of the South Pacific (TCSP) Sub-Committee on Tourism (SCOT) (ASEAN) Tourism Coordination Units (TCU) Southeast Africa Development Coordination Conference ( SADCC) Tourism Committee of the Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD ) focused on several elements like tourism policy, a physical structure plan, other major infrastructure, major tour routes in the country and their regional connections, tourism organizational National structures, legislation and investment policies, tourism marketing strategies and promotional programs, education and training Planning programs, facility development and design standards, sociocultural environmental, and economic considerations and impact analysis, and, national implementation techniques. Tourism policy Infrastructure facilities A physical structure plan The amount, kinds and quality of accommodation and other required tourist facilities and services National The important tour routes in the country and their regional Planning connections Tourism organizational entities, laws and investment policies Components Tourism marketing strategies and promotion Education and training programs Design standards and facility development Environmental, economic, and socio-cultural analysis National level implementation methods including the short-term development plan and project scheduling Regional Planning Components Regional policy Regional level Regional entry points and transportation facilities and services Kinds of tourist attractions and services for one region of a The amount, kinds and location of tourist accommodation and other facilities and services country, often a state of province, or perhaps Location of tourist development areas including resort areas an island group, and Socio-cultural, environmental, economic and impact analysis formulated within the Education and training programs on the regional level framework of the Marketing techniques and promotion national tourism policy Organizational establishments, laws, regulations and investments policies and plan. Implementation methods which include project plans and regional zoning regulations Regional level of tourism planning is more specific than the national planning level. CITY / SITE-LEVEL PROVINCIAL MUNICIPALITY TOURISM PLANNING PLANNING PLANNING SCOPE TIME FRAME
A tourism plan may be
OTHER All plans are future-oriented comprehensive in scope, or and these plans may be DIMENSIONS short-, medium, or long- focused on one or just few aspects of tourism planning. OF TOURISM term. Short- term usually means two years or less in A comprehensive tourism plan is also known as Master PLANNING the future, medium-term is two to five years, and long – Plan. A master plan is actually composed of smaller term as five years and up. plans. A tourism plan may also concentrate on just one or two specific components. SPATIAL UNITS (provided by Department of Tourism- Japan International Cooperation Agency (DOT- Tourism Development unit is the space covered in tourism JICA) and the UNESCO) planning. Tourist site Tourist Development area (TDA) Tourism Cluster The space covered in tourism planning is called a tourism Tourism circuits Tourism corridor development unit. These are the following spatial concepts. A tourist site is an area that contains one or more tourist attractions. A tourist attraction is defined by Tourism Western Australia (2006) as either “a physical or cultural feature of a particular place that individual travelers or tourists perceive as capable of meeting one or more of their specific leisure-related needs, or positive or TOURIST SITE favorable attributes of an area for a given activity or set of activities as desired by a given costumer or market, including climate, scenery, activities and culture. It may be any object, person, place, or concept that draws people either geographically or through remote electronic means so that they might have an experience. The experience can be recreational, spiritual, or otherwise. (Strange et al. n.d.) FOUR CATEGORIES OF ATTRACTIONS (WORLD HERITAGE CENTER) GEOPHYSICAL Mountains, gorges, big rocks, rock formations, caves, rivers, water -LANDSCAPE- bodies, scenic views, unusual cloud formations, unusual meteorological conditions, thermal waters, volcanic activity and AESTHETIC unusual celestial events. ECOLOGICAL- BIOLOGICAL Organisms and ecological events or processes. CULTURAL- Churches, historical houses, archaeological sites, ancient HISTORICAL monuments, amusement parks, theme parks, open air museums, marinas, exhibition centers, craft centers, casinos, health complexes, picnic sites and retail complexes. RECREATIONAL Theme parks, botanical gardens, sports fields, motion-based attractions, zoos, museums, theaters, shopping malls and events. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AREA (TDA ) an area designated for possessing an important site or groups of tourist site. A town or city that has one or more tourist sites or more than one town or city can be considered as TDA. It may also cover 1 or more towns such as Vigan-Laoag TDA. TOURISM CLUSTER A cluster may consist of towns located in different provinces Northern Leyte Functions are the staging point because of its proximity to the airport and more available tourist grade accommodation
Southern Samar island tourism cluster
Has the historically significant balangiga church and several natural attractions Tourism Circuit A tourism circuit is defined as a route involving at least three major tourist destination which are located in different towns, villages or cities and the destinations share common characteristics or themes.
Examples are: Gastronomic Surfing circuit Tourism Corridor A tourism corridor refers to a route defined by a theme spanning several countries or even continents. The Inca corridor in South America covers Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina and Colombia. Tourism’s main assets are Tourism is subject to external forces that are nature and largely uncontrollable, such as the political situation, weather, nature calamities, currency culture. fluctuations, and international relations. Building heights Tourism exerts impacts on the environment, Architectural designs culture and economy of destinations. Tourism Preservations of historic is a highly dynamic and competitive industry. towns Density limits Waste management