DLP 1 Lesson 3

"Our language is the reflection of
ourselves.“
-Cesar Chavez.
Assessment: DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE or POETRY RECITAL
Directions:
1. Provided the Piece for Poetry Recital and Dramatic Monologue, perform a Poetry Recital
or Dramatic.
2. Just only choose one between the two (Since we are in online class students need to video
record their performance).
3. You need to memorize the piece and Record a video of yourself performing your chosen
piece.
4. CREATE A SHORT EXPLANATION ABOUT YOUR CHOSEN PIECE.
For Dramatic Monologue:
● DIALOGUES OF THE GODS (APHRODITE)
● DIALOGUES OF THE GODS (ZEUS)
● DIALOGUES OF THE GODS (HERA)
● DIALOGUES OF THE GODS (HERMES)
For Poetry Recital:
● ANNABEL LEE by EDGAR ALLAN POE
● OH CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! by WALT WHITMAN
● STOPPING BY WOODS ON SNOWY EVENING BY ROBERT FROST.
● THE PASSIONATE SHEPHERD TO HIS LOVE BY CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE
Criteria:
● CHARACTERIZATION – 40%
● MEMORIZATION – 20%
● MOVEMENT – 10%
● DICTION/PROJECTION/VOCAL VARIETY- 10%
● EMOTION – 10%
● COSTUME - 10%
TOTAL: 100%
 2 – 3 MINS
 LANDSCAPE OR PORTRAIT.
Recall the meaning of
literature using the picture.
PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
 The body of works, both oral and written, that Filipinos whether native; naturalized
or foreign born, have created about the experience of people living in or relating to
Philippine Society
 It is composed or written in one of the Philippine languages, in Spanish, in English

and in Chinese as well.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (--BC to 1564)
1. Oral Literature
 Riddles (bugtong) – battle of wits among participants
 Tigmo –Cebu
 Paktakon – Ilonggo
 Patotdon – Bicol
 Proverbs (salawikain)– wise sayings that contain a metaphor used to teach as a
food for thought
 Tanaga- a mono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessons on
life is "more emotionally charged than the terse proverb and thus has affinities with
the folk lyric."
2. Folk Songs- It is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and
aspirations, the people's lifestyles as well as their loves. These are often
repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naïve
 Hele or oyayi – lullaby

 Ambahan (Mangyan) – 7-syllable per line poem that are about human
relationships and social entertainment.
 Kalusan (Ivatan) - work songs that depict the livelihood of the people.
 Tagay (Cebuano and Waray) – drinking song.
 Kanogan (Cebuano) – song of lamentation for the dead.
3. Epics -These are “narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition revolving around
supernatural events or heroic deeds” (Arsenio Manuel).
Examples:
 Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocano)
 Kudaman (Palawan)
 Hinilawod (Panay)
 Darangen ( Maranao)
4. Folk Tales
 Myths – explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess certain
characteristics, why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora or fauna.
 Legends – explain the origin of things. Why Pineapple Has Eyes
 Legend of Maria Makiling
 Fables – used animal characters and allegory.
 Fantastic stories – deal with underworld characters such as “tiyanak”, “aswang”,
“kapre” and others.
SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD (1565 – 1863)
Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and
poetry.
 Spanish Influences On Philippine Literature
The first Filipino alphabet, called BAYBAYIN, was replaced by the Roman alphabet. Also,
the teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices. European
legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-
moros.
 Folk Songs
It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos and shows their innate appreciation for and
love of beauty. The examples are Leron-Leron Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong
Banggi, and Atin Cu Pung Sing-sing.
 Recreational Plays
There were many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost
all of them were in a poetic form such Cenaculo, Panunuluyan, Salubong and Zarzuela.
SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD (1565 – 1863)
1. Religious Literature - Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those versed in both
Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the
Spanish language.
 Pasyon – long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ. The most popular
was “Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Cristong Panignoon Natin” by Aguino de Belen
 Senakulo – dramatization of the pasyon, it shows the passion and death of Christ.
2. Secular (non-religious) Literature
 Awit - colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chanting
 Korido – metrical tale written in octosyllabic quatrains
 Example: Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar
 Prose Narratives – written to prescribe proper decorum
 i. Dialogo iii. Ejemplo
 ii. Manual de Urbanidad
 iii. Ejemplo
 iv. Tratado
 Examples: Urbana at si Feliza by Modesto De Castro and Ang Bagong Robinson (1879)
by Joaquin Tuason
NATIONALISTIC /
PROPAGANDA AND
REVOLUTIONARY
PERIOD (1864 – 1896)
Characteristics
1. Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos

2. Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog
3. Addressed the masses instead of the “intelligentsia”
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872- 1898)
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) - This movement was spearheaded mostly by the
intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna,
Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.
Some of Rizal’s writings: Noli Me Tangere, Mi Ultimo Adios, Sobre La Indolencia Delos
Filipinos and Filipinas Dentro De Cien Aňos.
Some of Del Pilar’s writings: Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and
Jokes).
Some of Jaena’s writings: Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the Friar), and
Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere show), Sa Mga Pilipino...1891), and Talumpating
Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Oration to Commemorate Columbus).
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872- 1898)
1. Propaganda Literature - Reformatory in objective
 Political Essays – satires, editorials and news articles were written to attack and expose the
evils of Spanish rule.
 Diariong Tagalog – founded by Marcelo del Pilar
 La Solidaridad – whose editor-in-chief is Graciano Lopez-Jaena
 Political Novels
 Examples: Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo – Jose Rizal’s masterpieces that paved the
way to the revolution
2. Revolutionary Literature – more propagandistic than literary as it is more violent in nature
and demanded complete independence for the country.
 Political Essays – helped inflame the spirit of revolution
 Kalayaan – newspaper of the society, edited by Emilio Jacinto
 Poetry
 True Decalogue – Apolinario Mabini
 Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas – Andres Bonifacio
 Liwanag at Dilim – Emilio Jacinto
THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1944)
 Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using
English language. Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse.
Characteristics of Literature during this period:
 The languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the
dialects of the different regions. But the writers in Tagalog, continued
in their lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts
to arouse love for one’s native tongue and the writers in English
imitated the themes and methods of the Americans.
 A. Period of Apprenticeship (1910-1930)
 Filipino writers imitated English and American Models
 Poems written were amateurish, which phrasing and diction is
awkward and artificial.
 Short Stories
 Dead Stars – Paz Marquez Benitez
 The Key- Paz Latorena
 Footnote to Youth – Jose Garcia Villa
 Novels
 Child of Sorrow- first novel written in English language by Zoila
Galang
 B. Period of Emergence (1945-1960)
 1. Highly influenced by Western Literary trends like romanticism and

realism
 2. Short story is the most prevalent literary form.
 3. Jose Garcia Villa earned the international title “ Poet of the
Century”.
JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1942-1960)
 Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when another foreign country,
Japan, conquered the Philippines between1941-1945. Philippine literature in English
came to a halt. This led to all newspapers not to be circulated in the community except for
TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE REVIEW.
 Filipino Poetry during this period

The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country,
love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts.
 Three types of poems emerged during this period:
a. Haiku , a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17 syllables
divided into three lines and
b. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short, but it had measure and rhyme.
c. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

 A. War Years (1942-1944)

 Tagalog poets broke away away from balagtas tradition and
instead wrote in simple language and free verse.
 Fiction prevailed over poetry

Suyuan sa Tubigan by Macario Pineda
Lupang Tinubuan by Narciso Reyes
Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa by Liwayway Arceo
 Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese in the writing and
publishing of works in English, Philippine literature in English experienced a
dark period.
 For the first twenty years, many books were published both in Filipino and
in English.
 In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived

during this period.
 Most themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life
under the Japanese government, and the brave guerilla exploits.
B. Period of Maturity and Originality (1945-1960)
1. Bountiful harvest in poetry, fiction, drama, essay
2. Filipino writers mastered English and familiarized themselves with diverse techniques.
3. Literary giants Appeared.
 Palanca Awards for Literature

Jose Garcia Villa
Nick Joaquin
NVM Gonzales
Gregorio Brillantes
Gilda Cordero Fernando
Bienvenido Santos
 National Artist Awards

Jose Garcia Villa
Nick Joaquin
PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)
 According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to
domestic and worldwide causes. Because of the ills of society, the
youth moved to seek reforms.
 The Literary Revolution

The youth became vocal with their sentiments. They demanded a change
in the government. It was manifested in the bloody demonstrations and the
sidewalk expressions and also in literature.
PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1980)
 The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The
Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards. Poems dealt
with patience, regard for native culture, customs, and the beauties of
nature and surroundings. Newspapers donned new forms.
 News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, and the like

were favored more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape,
and robberies. Filipinos before were hooked in reading magazines and
comics.
PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)
 After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the
Filipino, which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last
lifted on January 2, 1981.
 The Philippines became a new nation, and this, former President
Marcos called “The New Republic of the Philippines.”
 Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and
revolutionary.
 Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were true-to-life like those
of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and
fellowmen.
POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)
 History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained
their independence, which they lost twenty years ago.
 in four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People Power
(Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed.
 In the short span of the existence of the real Republic of the
Philippines, several changes already became evident.
 It was noticed in the new Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and
even in the television programs.
 The now crony newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase in
circulation were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S
JOURNAL.
21st CENTURY PERIOD
 The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the
needs and tastes of the new generation. 21st Century
learners are demanded to be ICT inclined to compete with
the style and format of writing as well.
 New codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the

literary pieces produced nowadays.
ASYNCHRONOUS TASK
 Directions: Write a comparative essay about the two poems, “Ang
Bayan Ko” and “Dearest Pearl of the Orient Seas”. Point out the
similarities and differences of the two poems from different periods in
terms of characteristics, literary form, themes, and structure, elements.
 The rubric for the essay is as follows:

Criteria:
30% Content
20% Textual Evidence
20% Organization
10% Mechanics
80% in TOTAL

DLP 1 Lesson 3

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DLP 1 Lesson 3

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"Our language is the reflection of

 It is composed or written in one of the Philippine languages, in Spanish, in English

 Hele or oyayi – lullaby

1. Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos

Characteristics of Literature during this period:

 1. Highly influenced by Western Literary trends like romanticism and

 Filipino Poetry during this period

c. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

 A. War Years (1942-1944)

 Fiction prevailed over poetry

 In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived

 Palanca Awards for Literature

 National Artist Awards

 The Literary Revolution

 News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, and the like

 New codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the

 The rubric for the essay is as follows:

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