Motion of The Ablation Cloud in Torus Plasmas: R.Ishizaki, N.Nakajima and M.Okamoto National Institute For Fusion Science

Motion of the ablation cloud in torus plasmas
R.Ishizaki, N.Nakajima and M.Okamoto

National Institute for Fusion Science
US-Japna Workshop
PPPL, Princeton, NJ
Mar. 13-15, 2006

1. It is observed in LHD experiments that the ablation clouds are discretely created and drift to
the low field side. We will make comprehensive understanding of those physics.
2. The ablation cloud dose not approach the core plasma even if the pellet is injected from the
highest field side. It will be clarified what makes the difference between tokamak and LHD.
LHD
Pellet Pellet Cloud
Tokamak
High field side Low field side Highest field side
Motion of the ablation cloud in torus plasmas
B B B
Cloud
Pellet
Drift to low field side
Reconstructed cloud
Exp. Injection speed : 10
3
m/s
Drift speed : 10
4
m/s
Discrete period : ~10 s

Topics : Drifting motion
1. P.B.Parks and L.R.Baylor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 125002 (2005).
Theory, no resistivity, constant B-field
2. R.Samtaney et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 164, 220 (2004).
Ideal MHD simulation, pellet is point source with ablation model
3. V.Rozhansky et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46, 575 (2004).
No resistivity, constant B-field, pellet is point source, mass and moment equations
4. H.R.Strauss and W.Park, Phys. Plasmas 7, 250 (2000).
Ideal MHD simulation, pellet is plasmoid
Topics : Discrete motion
5. P.B.Parks, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 38, 571 (1996).
Theory, striation
Recent works on motion of the ablation cloud.
In order to make comprehensive understanding on drifting motion and discrete creation of
ablation cloud, MHD simulation including ablation processes but not ablation model will
be carried out.
CreationtimeDriftingtimeseverals
0
50
100
150
200
cip_5150-5250-5251_G
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Time ( s)
Isotropic heating
Anisotropic heating
Model
Ablation rate is not constant within
creation time.
Creation time of ablation cloud

1. Motion of high density plasmoid induced by heat flux in tokamak.
2. In order to clarify physics of the drifting motion, the motion is
investigated in simple situation where an initial perturbation is uniform in
toroidal direction and a bulk plasma is 1/R vacuum field and uniform
pressure and not including heat flux.
Roadmap.
Future work
Drifting motion in straight helical and LHD plasmas.
Suggestion to obtain a good performance in LHD.
Introduction of ablation with atomic processes from a solid pellet to a plasmoid.
Comprehensive understanding of drifting motion and discrete creation of the cloud.

Geometry and basic equations.
Perfect conductor
Z
R
R,,Z
( )
1.5
0.5
1.0
0.5
-0.5
d
dt
u
du
dt
p+
1
0
B
( )
B
de
dt
pu+ H
B
t
u B
( )

Introdunction of the heat flux model enables the code to treat the
ablation processes without any point sources.
Maxwellian electron heat flux
Heatsource: H
q
+
z
+
q
+
ndz
ndz
z
q
q
1
2
w
g
|
.

`

K
2
w
|
.
1/2

]
]
]
]
K
2
: Modified Bessel
P.B.Parks, Phys. Plasmas 7, 1968 (2000).
The model has already used in construction of the
ablation model.
2
m
e
n
e
kT
e
( )
3/2
Heatflux: q
q
t
dv
3
1
2
m
e
v
2
vf
t
E,,
t
( )
f
t
E,,
t
( )
f
max
E'
( )
E
E'
|
.
`

1/2
f
max
(E)
1
2
n
e
T
e
( )
3/2
E
1/2
exp E/T
e
( )
E'E1+
u
t
T
e
2
2E
2
|
.

`

, u
t
, : Pichangle

q
+

q
n
e
10
20
m
3
,T
e
2keV
n and T are assumed to be constant.
The energy feedback from the plasmoid to n
and T will be included in the future work.

Initial conditions
0.01
R/ a2
n
p
/n
10
3
p
p
/p
1
Initial plasmoid
Tokamak plasma
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
col
1.25 2.50 3.75 5.00
cim_3005_bsq_001_text
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
col
R
Z
B
2
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
qprof.9.dat
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
r/a

The plasmoid is expanding along the B-field and simultaneously drifts to
the low field side.
Tokamak 1/R vacuum field
Uniform pressure

,p
Drifting motion is induced by tire tube force. Drifting motion is disturbed by
poloidal field in tokamak.
Tire tube force :

F p R+R
( )
pRm
dv
dt
dv
dt
p
R
kT
mR
p: Pressure in ablation cloud
: Density in ablation cloud
R: Major radius
Maximumspeedintokamak:
0.05c
A
10
4
m/satB=1Tandn=10
20
m
3
Peak pressure reaches more than
100 times of bulk pressure.
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
cim_3000/3040_tim5
Tokamak
1/R field
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0
Time (
A
)

Since 1/R vacuum field is stable according to linear theory, small perturbations have oscillation. On
the other hand, large perturbations have different behavior because force balance is not satisfied.
Case.1
n
p
10
3
n
p
p
10 p
Conditions
1. 1/R Vacuum field, uniform pressure
2. Initial perturbation, no heating source
3. Uniform in toroidal direction
0.0 10
0
2.0 10
0
4.0 10
0
6.0 10
0
8.0 10
0
1.0 10
1
1.2 10
1
cim_2330_gnu1_z1_001.text
0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Radius
-4.0 10
-4
-2.0 10
-4
0.0 10
0
2.0 10
-4
4.0 10
-4
6.0 10
-4
8.0 10
-4
1.0 10
-3
cim_2410_gnu1_z1_001.text
0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Radius
Case.1
Case.2
Oscillation
Drift
Case.2
n
p
10
1
n
p
p
10
3
p
Essential points in drifting motion

1. Curvature of B-field
2. Large perturbation

Summary.
1. 3D MHD code including the heat flux model is constructed in order to evaluate the
motion of the plasmoid with ablation processes.
2. It is verified that the plasmoid is expanding along B-field and simultaneously drifts to
the low field side. The drifting speed is about 0.05 Alfven velocity which is fairly
comparable to experimental data.
3. The drifting motion is induced by tire tube force. On the other hand, the drifting
motion is disturbed by poloidal field in tokamak.
4. If the perturbation is small, it has just oscillation. Then, the essential points in the
motion are curvature of B-field and large perturbation.
Future work
1. The motion of the plasmoid will be clarified in straight helical and LHD plasmas, and
it will be clarified what makes the difference between tokamak and LHD on the
motion of the plasmoid.
2. We will make comprehensive explanation of the drifting motion and discrete creation
of the plasmoid by including ablation with atomic precesses.

The plasmoid is expanding along the B-field and simultaneously drifts to
the low field side.
Tokamak 1/R vacuum field

Characteristic parameters.

n 1 0
2 4
m
3
T 1 0 e V
p 1 0
6
P a
L 1 0
2
m
B 1 T

n 1 0
2 0
m
3
T 1 0
3
e V
p 1 0
4
P a
L 1 m
B 1 T

c
A
1 0
4
m / s
c
s
1 0
4
m / s
v
D
1 0
3
m / s
c e
1 0
1 1
s
1
e i
1 0
1 2
s
1

c
A
1 0
6
m / s
c
s
1 0
5
m / s
v
D
1 0
3
m / s
c e
1 0
1 1
s
1
e i
1 0
5
s
1
Cloud
Bulk
1
S10
4
0.01
S10
7
Exp. Injection speed : 10
3
m/s
Drift speed : 10
4
m/s
Discrete period : ~10 s
R. Ishizaki et al, Phys. Plasmas 11, 4064 (2004).

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
cim_2600_tim5
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Time
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
cim_2600_tim5
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Time
0.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
1400.0
cim_2600_tim5
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Time
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
cim_2600_tim5
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Time

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
cim_2800_tim5
D dZzp_2800
D dZzp_3110
D dZzp_3100
50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0
Time (
A
)

0.0
0.1
1.0
10.0
cim_2800_tim5
D dZzp_2800
D dZzp_2810
D dZzp_2830
D dZzp_2960
1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0
Time (
A
)
0.0
0.1
1.0
10.0
cim_2800_tim5
D dZzp_2800
D dZzp_2860
D dZzp_2850
D dZzp_2890
D dZzp_2910
1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0
Time (
A
)

Motion of The Ablation Cloud in Torus Plasmas: R.Ishizaki, N.Nakajima and M.Okamoto National Institute For Fusion Science

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Motion of the ablation cloud in torus plasmas

R.Ishizaki, N.Nakajima and M.Okamoto

Drifting motion in straight helical and LHD plasmas.

Suggestion to obtain a good performance in LHD.

Introduction of ablation with atomic processes from a solid pellet to a plasmoid.

Comprehensive understanding of drifting motion and discrete creation of the cloud.

Tire tube force :

Essential points in drifting motion

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