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Research Methodology

The document discusses inductive and deductive approaches in research. The inductive approach goes from specific observations and experiences to detect patterns and develop generalizations and theories. It is dynamic, appropriate for smaller studies, and conclusions may change. The deductive approach derives conclusions from premises assumed to be true through a rigid, highly structured process. It tests existing theories through large samples and confirms or rejects conclusions. Legal reasoning can use induction to formulate new policies and deduction to apply laws to specific cases.

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Mridula Pandey
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228 views9 pages

Research Methodology

The document discusses inductive and deductive approaches in research. The inductive approach goes from specific observations and experiences to detect patterns and develop generalizations and theories. It is dynamic, appropriate for smaller studies, and conclusions may change. The deductive approach derives conclusions from premises assumed to be true through a rigid, highly structured process. It tests existing theories through large samples and confirms or rejects conclusions. Legal reasoning can use induction to formulate new policies and deduction to apply laws to specific cases.

Uploaded by

Mridula Pandey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE APPROACHES

IN RESEARCH

MRIDULA HARENDRA PANDEY


L.L.M. (Criminal Group) – Semester 1
Roll No. 2
INDUCTIVE APPROACH

 Concept of induction was introduced by Francis


Bacon.

 Induction is a method of logical reasoning that


goes from specific set of premises based mainly
on experience or experimental evidence to a
general conclusion.
STEPS IN INDUCTION

Observation/Experience Why do objects fall downwards? – Theory of Gravity

Pattern

Tentative Hypothesis

Theory
DEDUCTIVE APPROACH
 Deduction is the most common type of logic. This
approach was introduced by Aristotle.

 Deduction is the process of deriving a conclusion


from the premises that are assumed to be true.

 Deductive arguments assert that the conclusion is


arrived at, necessarily from the truth of the premises.
STEPS IN DEDUCTION
Theory Theory of Gravity – Moon revolves around the Earth due to
Gravitational force of the Earth.

Tentative Hypothesis

Observation

Confirmation or
Rejection
DIFFERENCE

INDUCTIVE APPROACH DEDUCTIVE APPROACH

 Dynamic in nature  Rigid and fixed in nature


 Less structured  Highly structured
 Appropriate for smaller  Used to study large sample sizes
studies  In-depth analysis not needed
 In-depth analysis needed  Shortage of time
 Abundant time  Tests existing theories
 Builds new theory  Top-down approach
 Bottom-up approach
 Conclusion is
confirmed/rejected with
 Conclusion may/may not be
evidence.
true.
LEGAL REASONING & RESEARCH

INDUCTIVE APPROACH
Observation

Formulation of New Policies


and Laws Statistics/Pattern

Example – Cause & Effect Analysis


Law for Abolition of Sati
practice may have been
Tentative Proposal/Hypothesis
formulated using this approach.

Theory/Policy/Law
LEGAL REASONING & RESEARCH
DEDUCTIVE APPROACH

Applying Law to Facts in


order to make decisions. Issue

Example – Rule
A woman believes that she is
the victim of Gender Based
Facts
Discimination at Workplace.

Whether it is true or not, may Analysis


be deduced using this
approach after thorough Conclusion
analysis of the law in this
regard and facts of the case.
THANK YOU

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