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Generation of MP

The document provides an introduction to microprocessors and microcomputer systems. It discusses the differences between mainframes, mini computers and microcomputers. The document also covers the history and evolution of Intel's microprocessors from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium II in 1997.

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ranjitbobate
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12 views9 pages

Generation of MP

The document provides an introduction to microprocessors and microcomputer systems. It discusses the differences between mainframes, mini computers and microcomputers. The document also covers the history and evolution of Intel's microprocessors from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium II in 1997.

Uploaded by

ranjitbobate
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcomputers

By Prof. R.V.Bobate PIET, Nagpur

What is a microcomputer system?


Block diagram of a digital computer

Memory Input

CPU

Output

Block diagram of a microcomputer system

Memory Input

Microprocessor

Output

What is a microprocessor?
Criteria
number of chips data path address space CPU performance Price

Types of micrprocessor
Application
Reprogrammable microprocessors embedded microprocessors and microcontrollers

Instruction complexity
CISC RISC

Classes of Computers
What is the difference between main, mini, and micro?
The capacity and performance of the electronics used to implemet their building blocks and the resulting overall system capacity and performance.

CPU performance

MIPS !

1 ??circuit switch time v levels of logicA package delaysAv clock cycles per instruction

Tech Driven

Machine Organization

Microprocessor Architecture
different from the architectures of large main frames? Why? One or a few VLSI chips VLSI environments
density per chip
die size ---- yield feature size --- 1.0 micron, 0.3 micron

I/O pad
chip cost power consumption propagation delay

The History of Intels Microprocessors


Intel 4004
1971, 4-bit

Intel 8008
1972, 8-bit Originally designed for Datapoint Corp. as a CRT display controller

Intel 8080
1974, April - Altair 8800, 1975, MITS( 256 bytes of Mem, $395) Apple II -- Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak 1976, Apple Bill Gates and a fellow student : BASIC, 1975 --> Microsoft

Intel 8086/8088
1978, 16 bit: 8088, 1979, 8-bit external bus IBM PC ; 1981 29,000 Trs

The History of Intels Microprocessors


Intel 80286
1982, 16-bit architecture 24-bit addressing, memory protection and virtual memory 16 MB of physical MEM and 1 GB of virtual mem 130,000 Trs onto a single chip IBM PC/AT in 1984, IBM PS/2 Model 50 and 60 1985, 32 bits 3~5 MIPS (7 MIPS on the 25 MHz chip) memory paging and enhanced I/O permission features 4GB programming model

Intel 80386

Intel 80486
1989 Spring COMDEX show -> 1990 June : actual release 1,200,000 Trs

The History of Intels Microprocessors


386+387+8K data and instruction cache, paging and MMU

Pentium
1993 110 MIPS on 66 Mhz Chip 16 KB on-chip cache and 64 bit data bus superscalar technology (two instructions/clock) 3.1 million transistors 1995, Superscalar(three-way issue) 5.5 million Trs in the CPU core + 15.5 million Trs in the secondary cache 8K data, 8K instr cache 256 KB SRAM secondary cache 200 SPECint92 at 133 MHz 2.9 V, 0.6 micron BICMOS

Pentium Pro

The History of Intels Microprocessors


Pentium II
Pentium Pro + MMX, 1997 233, 266, upto 450 MHz 7.5 million Trs in CPU 512KB in secondary cache

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