A circle is a set of all points in a plane that are equidistant

from a fixed point (h, k) called the center of the circle .

The distance r between the center and any point (x , y) on the

circle is the radius.
 The standard form of the equation of a circle with
its center at the origin is
2 2 2
x y r
r is the radius of the circle so if we take the square root of the
right hand side, we'll know how big the radius is.

Notice that both the x and y terms are squared. Linear

equations don’t have either the x or y terms squared.
Parabolas have only the x term was squared (or only the
y term, but NOT both).
 2 2
Let's look at the equation x  y 9
This is r2 so r = 3
The center of the circle is at the origin and the radius is 3.
Let's graph this circle.

Count out 3 in all Center at (0, 0)

directions since
that is the radius

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 If the center of the circle is NOT at the origin then the
equation for the standard form of a circle looks like this:

x  h    y  k 
2 2
r 2

The center of the circle is at (h, k). This is r2 so r = 4

x  3   y  1
2 2
 16
Find the center and radius and graph this circle.
The center of the circle is at (h, k) which is (3,1).
The radius is 4

- - - - - - - 12345678
765432 1
0
 If you take the equation of a circle in standard form for
example:
  
2
x2  y4  4 
2
This is r2 so r = 2
(x - (-2))
Remember center is at (h, k) with (x - h) and (y - k)
since the x is plus something and not minus, (x + 2)
can be written as (x - (-2))
You can find the center and radius easily.
The center is at (-2, 4) and the radius is 2.

But what if it was not in standard form but multiplied out (FOILED)
2 2
x  4 x  4  y  8 y  16  4
Moving everything to one side in descending order and
combining like terms we'd have:
2 2
x  y  4 x  8 y  16  0
 2 2
x  y  4 x  8 y  16  0
If we'd have started with it like this, we'd have to complete the
square on both the x's and y's to get in standard form.
Move constant
Group x terms and a place Group y terms and a place
to the other side
to complete the square to complete the square

2 2
x  4 x  ____  y  8 y  ____
4 16  16  ___
4  ___
16

Complete the square

Write factored and wahlah! back in standard form.

x  2    y  4 
2 2
4
Now let's work some examples:

Find an equation of the circle with center at (0, 0) and radius 7.

Let's sub in center and radius values in the standard form

x  0h    y  k0 
2 2
 7r 2

2 2
x  y  49
Find an equation of the circle with center at (0, 0) that passes
through the point (-1, -4).

Since the center is at (0, 0) we'll have

2 2 2
x y r
The point (-1, -4) is on the circle so should work when
we plug it in the equation:

 1   4
2 2
 r  1  16  17
2

Subbing this in for r2 we have:

2 2
x  y  17
Find an equation of the circle with center at (-2, 5) and radius 6
Subbing in the values in standard form we have:

x -2h    y  k5 
2 2
 6r 2

x  2    y  5 
2 2
 36
Find an equation of the circle with center at (8, 2) and passes
through the point (8, 0).
Subbing in the center values in standard form we have:

x  8h    y  k2 
2 2
r 2

Since it passes through the point (8, 0) we can plug this

point in for x and y to find r2.

8  8  0  2
2 2
r 2
4
x  8    y  2 
2 2
4
Identify the center and radius and sketch the graph:
2 2
9 x  9 y  64
9 9 9
To get in standard form we don't want coefficients on the
squared terms so let's divide everything by 9.

Remember to square
2 64 2
x y  root this to get the
radius.
9
So the center is at (0, 0) and the radius is 8/3.

- - - - - - - 12345678
765432 1
0
Identify the center and radius and sketch the graph:

 x  4    y  3
2 2
 25
Remember the center values end up being the opposite sign of what
is with the x and y and the right hand side is the radius squared.

So the center is at (-4, 3) and the radius is 5.

- - - - - - - 01 234 56 7 8
7 654 32 1
 Find the center and radius of the circle:
2 2
x  y  6x  4 y  3  0
We have to complete the square on both the x's and y's to get in
standard form.

Move constant
Group x terms and a place Group y terms and a place to the other side
to complete the square to complete the square

2 2
x  6 x  ____  y  4 y  ____
9 4  3  ___
9  ___
4
Write factored for standard form.

x  3   y  2
2 2
 16
So the center is at (-3, 2) and the radius is 4.