Trigonometry

Refresher
May 21, 2022
8:00 am – 5:00 pm
Goals
 Refresh your trigonometry knowledge.
 Expose you to the topics that appeared in the past
board exams.

2
Schedule
8:00 – 10:00 am Lecture
10:00 – 10:15 am Break
10:15 – 12:00 pm Lecture
12:00 – 1:00 pm Lunch
1:00 – 3:00 pm Lecture/Practice problems
3:00 – 3:15 pm Break
3:15 – 4:45 pm Practice problems
4:45 – 5:00 pm Questions

3
Terminologies

4
Terminologies

5
Terminologies

6
Terminologies
180° = π rad
1 rad ≈ 57.3°

7
Terminologies
d° m’ s” / degrees, minutes, seconds
1° = 60’ or minutes = 3600” or seconds

30° 15’ 50” :

60° 40’ 59” :

8
Terminologies
60° 40’ 59” :

9
Terminologies

10
Terminologies

11
Terminologies

12
Terminologies

13
Pythagorean Theorem
a=3
b=4

14
Pythagorean Theorem
A 35-foot ladder is leaning against the side of a building and is
positioned such that the base of the ladder is 21 feet from the base of
the building. How far above the ground is the point where the ladder
touches the building?

15
Pythagorean Theorem
A 35-foot ladder is leaning against the side of a building and is
positioned such that the base of the ladder is 21 feet from the base of
the building. How far above the ground is the point where the ladder
touches the building?

16
Pythagorean Theorem
A ladder is leaning against the side of a 10 m house.  If the base of
the ladder is 3 m away from the house, how long is the ladder?

17
Pythagorean Theorem
A ladder is leaning against the side of a 10 m house.  If the base of
the ladder is 3 m away from the house, how long is the ladder?

18
Pythagorean Theorem in 3D
x=3 y=4 z=5

19
Pythagorean Theorem in 3D
x=3 y=4
z=5 c=5

20
Pythagorean Theorem in 3D
x=3 y=4
z=5 c=5

21
Pythagorean Theorem in 3D
What is the length of the longest stick that can be placed in a
rectangular box with dimensions 6 cm, 8 cm, and 24 cm?

22
Pythagorean Theorem in 3D
What is the length of the longest stick that can be placed in a
rectangular box with dimensions 6 cm, 8 cm, and 24 cm?

23
Unit Circle
Circle with
radius = 1

24
Trigonometric Identities
Since both
share the same
x-coordinate,

The y-
coordinates are
negative of each
other,

25
Trigonometric Identities
x-coordinates
are negative of
each other,

y-coordinates
are equal,

26
Trigonometric Identities
x and y-
coordinates are
negative of the
first quadrant,

27
Trigonometric Identities
Slope is the
same for the
following:

and negative
for:

28
Trigonometric Identities
After adding
90°, we can
observe the
following
relationships:

29
Trigonometric Identities

30
Unit Circle

31
Complementary Angles

32
Common Angles

33
Similar Triangles
∠X = ∠A
∠Y = ∠B
∠Z = ∠C

34
Similar Triangles
∠X = ∠A
∠Y = ∠B
∠Z = ∠C

35
Similar Triangles

36
Similar Triangles
Solve for the length of
the shadow.

37
Similar Triangles

38
Special Right Triangles

39
Special Right Triangles

40
Special Right Triangles

41
Special Right Triangles

42
Special Right Triangles

43
Special Right Triangles

44
Special Right Triangles

45
Solving for Angle
opp = 2
hyp = 6
θ=?

46
Solving for Angle
adj = 6
hyp = 8
θ=?

47
Solving for Angle
adj = 6
hyp = 8
θ=?

48
Solving for Side
adj = 4
θ = 55°
hyp = ?

49
Solving for Side
opp = 20
θ = 28°
hyp = ?

50
Solving for Side
opp = 20
θ = 28°
hyp = ?

51
Sine Law

Reverse:

The ratio of each side of a plane

52
Sine Law
Solve for a and b:

53
Sine Law
Solve for a and b:

54
Sine Law
Solve for a and b:

55
Cosine Law

Extension of Pythagorean formula

56
Cosine Law

57
Cosine Law
Solve for c:

58
Cosine Law
Solve for c:

59
Sample Problems
A person observes that from point A, the angle of elevation to the top of a
cliff at D is 30°. Another person at point B, notes that the angle of elevation
to the top of the cliff is 45°. If the height of the cliff is 80.0 m, find the
distance between A and B.

60
Sample Problems

61
Sample Problems
Sean wishes to find the length of a pole, CD, that is on the roof of a building.
The angles of elevation of C and D are 40° and 28°, respectively. The
distance AB is 40 m. Find the length of the pole. Show the steps of your
solution.

62
Sample Problems

63
Sample Problems
Find the length of AD.

64
Sample Problems

65
Sample Problems
Your aircraft can takeoff at 4% gradient. At the current runway length, it will barely
graze the peak of a mountain ahead. How far back should you move your start of
takeoff to comply with the 50 ft allowance imposed by the state.

66
Sample Problems

Correction:

67
Sample Problems
From the top of a light house 60 meter high, with its base at the sea level, the
angle of depression of a boat is 15°. The distance of the boat from the foot of
the light-house is?

68
Sample Problems

69
Sample Problems
What is the value of ?

70
Sample Problems
What is the value of ?

71
Sample Problems
How many minutes does the minute hand move in 35 mins?

72
Sample Problems

35
360° × =𝟐𝟏𝟎°
60
73
Sample Problems
Which of the following points does not exists in a unit circle?

(-1, 0)
(-0.5, )
(0.5, 0.5)
(0.6, 0.8)

74
Sample Problems
Which of the following points does not exists in a unit circle?

(-1, 0)
(-0.5, )
(0.5, 0.5)
(0.6, 0.8)

75
Sample Problems
An airplane at an altitude of 8000 m makes its approach at an angle of 10 deg
to the horizontal. How far from the airstrip should it being its descent?

76
Sample Problems

77
Sample Problems
Simplify:

78
Sample Problems
Simplify:

79
Sample Problems
Simplify:

80
Sample Problems
Simplify:

81
Sample Problems
Simplify:

82
Sample Problems
Simplify:

83
Sample Problems
The following figure shows triangle ABC. Find the length of
BC.

84
Sample Problems
The following figure shows triangle ABC. Find the length of
BC.

85
Sample Problems
The following figure shows triangle ABC. Find the angle B.

86
Sample Problems

87
Sample Problems
Jack is on one side of a 200-foot-wide canyon and Jill is on the other. Jack
and Jill can both see the trail guide at an angle of depression of 60°. How far
are they from the trail guide?

88
Sample Problems
Jack is on one side of a 200-foot-wide canyon and Jill is on the other. Jack
and Jill can both see the trail guide at an angle of depression of 60°. How far
are they from the trail guide?

200 ft

89
Sample Problems
Find the value of angle A.

90
Sample Problems

91
Sample Problems
Find the length of BC.

92
Sample Problems

93
Sample Problems
Two cruises leave the same port. Cruise A travels at 30 km/h. Cruise B travels
at 37 km/h. The angle between their path is 62°. How far are the two cruises
apart three hours later?

94
Sample Problems

95
Sample Problems
A surveyor found the angle of elevation of the top of a building to be 18° 23’.
After walking 200 ft towards the building, he found the angle to be 73° 17’.
How tall is the building?

96
Sample Problems
A surveyor found the angle of elevation of the top of a building to be 18° 23’. After
walking 200 ft towards the building, he found the angle to be 73° 17’. How tall is the
building?

97
Sample Problems

98
Sample Problems
Determine the final gradient of the aircraft.

99
Sample Problems

3000 𝑓𝑡
8000 ft 40000 ft

100
Sample Problems

8000 ft 3000 ft 40000 ft

2000
=𝟑 . 𝟗𝟐𝟏𝟔 %
8000+3000+ 40000

101
Sample Problems

8000 ft 3000 ft 40000 ft

2000
=𝟑 . 𝟗𝟐𝟏𝟔 %
8000+3000+ 40000

102
Additional Lecture – Heron’s
Formula
Heron’s formula can be used to find the area of a triangle.

a=3 b=4 c=5

or

103
Additional Lecture – Heron’s
Formula
Find the area of the triangle.

a = 12 b = 17 c = 21

104
Additional Lecture – Heron’s
Formula
Find the area of the triangle.

a = 12 b = 17 c = 21

105
Additional Word Problems
Determine the altitude of the aircraft given the measured angle of elevation from
stations A and B, and their distance.

106
Additional Word Problems

107
Additional Word Problems
The angle of elevation of a hot air balloon, climbing vertically, changes from 25 degrees
at 10:00 am to 60 degrees at 10:02 am. The point of observation of the angle of
elevation is situated 300 meters away from the take off point. What is the upward speed,
assumed constant, of the balloon? Give the answer in meters per minute.

108
Additional Word Problems

109
Additional Word Problems
You are given the following instructions in
your flight plan.

• Fly 20 km to MANIL N 30° W of RPLL

Determine the direct distance between RPLL

110
Additional Word Problems

111
Additional Word Problems
You are given the following instructions in
your flight plan.

• Fly 50 km South to MINDO

Determine the direct distance between RPLL

112
Additional Word Problems

113
Additional Word Problems
Given a pyramid with the following
dimensions, determine the length of the red
and green line.

114
Additional Word Problems
Red:

Green:

115