Sentence

Patterns

English Plus (Basic

Grammar)
BASIC ELEMENTS OF A
SENTENCE
 WHAT IS SENTENCE?

A sentence is a group of words

that usually contain a subject (S)
and a verb (V) and expresses a
complete idea.
EXAMPLES:
Grandma is awake
Her Laptop is broken
Sharra attends online class
 ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE
• Subject – doer of the action/ topic of the
sentence
• Predicate – states something about the
subject
• Direct Object – receives the action done by
the subject
• Indirect Object - precedes the direct object
and tells to whom or for whom the action of
the verb is done and who is receiving the
direct object
BASIC
SENTEN
CE
 1. SUBJECT-
INTRANSITIVE
VERB
(S-IV)
WHAT IS AN
INTRANSITIVE VERB?
• An
intransitive
verb is a verb
without a
direct object.
Subject – Intransitive Verb

Horses run.

S IV
Subject – Intransitive Verb

The book fell

S IV
CAN SOMEONE
GIVE ANOTHER
EXAMPLE?
EXAMPLES OF S-IV
SENTENCES

I wrote legibly.
He prays everyday.
Students should warm up.
She reads a lot.
 2. SUBJECT-
TRANSITIVE VERB-
DIRECT OBJECT
(S-TV-DO)
WHAT IS A
TRANSITIV
E VERB?
• A transitive verb
is a verb that
requires both a
subject and a
direct object.
 Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct Object

The students helped the barangay.

S
TV DO
Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct Object

Mother is doing the dishes

S
TV DO
CAN SOMEONE
GIVE ANOTHER
EXAMPLE?
 EXAMPLES OF S-TV-DO
SENTENCES
Someone ate my sandwich.
Mikko reads the dictionary
The campers fear the bears.
The board showed their approval.
I played the piano.
3. SUBJECT- LINKING
VERB- SUBJECT
COMPLEMENT
(S-LV-PN)
WHAT IS A PN?
• A predicate
nominative or a
predicate noun
completes a
linking verb and
renames the
subject.
 Subject – Linking Verb –
Subject Complement

Teachers are our second parents.

S
LV
PN
 Subject – Linking Verb –
Subject Complement

Japan is known as the “Land of the rising sun”

S
LV
PN
CAN SOMEONE
GIVE ANOTHER
EXAMPLE?
 EXAMPLES OF S-LV-PN
SENTENCES
Anne is the boss.
Whales and sharks are mammals.
The girl should be the captain.
My mother is a teacher.
Philippines is the “Pearl of the Orient
Seas.”
4. SUBJECT- LINKING
VERB- SUBJECT
COMPLEMENT
(S-LV-PA)
 WHAT IS A P.A.?
• A predicate
adjective
follows a linking
verb and
describes the
subject.
Subject – Linking Verb –
Subject Complement

Her pies are very sweet.

S
LV
PA
Subject – Linking Verb –
Subject Complement

Sheena walks confidently

S
LV
PA
CAN SOMEONE
GIVE ANOTHER
EXAMPLE?
 EXAMPLES OF S-LV-PA
SENTENCES

His behavior has been outrageous.

Niña is so beautiful.
That garbage on the street smells
bad.
The man was very accommodating.
5. SUBJECT-TRANSITIVE
VERB- DIRECT OBJECT-
OBJECT COMPLEMENT
(S-TV-DO-OC)
WHAT IS AN O.C.?
• An object complement
is a noun, pronoun,
or adjective which
follows a direct object
and renames it or tells
what the direct object
has become.
Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct Object-
Object Complement

He called the cashier beautiful.

S
TV DO
OC
Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct Object-
Object Complement

Mary considered Anna her friend.

S
TV DO
OC
CAN SOMEONE
GIVE ANOTHER
EXAMPLE?
 EXAMPLES OF S-TV-DO-OC
SENTENCES
The class elected Nadine president.
Cathy cut her hair short.
The child made her mother happy.
Many people find martial arts
challenging.
Some pet owners consider their dogs
their children.
6. SUBJECT-TRANSITIVE
VERB- INDIRECT OBJECT-
DIRECT OBJECT
(S-TV-IO-DO)
WHAT IS AN INDIRECT
OBJECT?
• precedes the direct
object and tells to
whom or for whom
the action of the
verb is done and
who is receiving the
direct object
Subject-Transitive Verb-Indirect
Object-Direct Object

Liza gave the children gifts.

S
TV IO
DO
 Subject-Transitive Verb-Indirect
Object-Direct Object

The Instructor assigned Jennie poetry

S
TV IO
DO
CAN SOMEONE
GIVE ANOTHER
EXAMPLE?
 EXAMPLES OF S-TV-IO-DO
SENTENCES
Mom will paint Gabriel a picture.
He will give Mrs. Perez the message.
Yvann surprised his sister with a
reward.
I teach the students English.
Pearl sent Tom a book.
TO SUMMARIZE:
BASIC SENTENCE PATTERN
1.S-IV
2.S-TV-DO
3.S-LV-PN
4.S-LV-PA
5.S-TV-DO-OC
6.S-TV-IO-DO
TO SUMMARIZE:
BASIC SENTENCE PATTERN
1.S-IV
2.S-TV-DO
3.S-LV-PN
4.S-LV-PA
5.S-TV-DO-OC
6.S-TV-IO-DO
 Identify the BASIC SENTENCE
PATTERN of each sentences.
1.Lisa tutors Chris = S-TV-DO
2.She called the boy attractive = S-TV-DO-OC
3.Mary lent Josh a money = S-TV-IO-DO
4.Evil do exist. = S-IV
5.One year is equivalent to 365 days = S-LV-PN
6.Photographs looks magnificent = S-LV PA
20 RULES OF SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT

Start!
 RULE 1: SUBJECTS AND VERBS MUST AGREE IN
NUMBER.

Singular subject = singular verb

Plural subject = plural verb

The dog growls when he is angry.

1
The dogs growl when they are angry.
SS SV PS PV

Without With With Without

-S “S” “S” -S
 EXAMPLES:

1.The pot of eggs is boiling on the stove.

2.Marcia washes her dirty clothes.
3.Paolo receives his new order from her friend.
4.Chris loves eating Takoyaki.
5.Angel writes a letter to her friend Jude.
 RULE 2: WORDS BETWEEN SUBJECT AND 1
VERB DO NOT AFFECT THE VERB
The detective who was called to the case is usually
very good. 2

The dog, who is chewing on my jeans, is usually

very good.
The colors of the rainbow are beautiful. 3

2 The boy, who pushes the carts is my friend.

4
 LET’S TRY THIS!

The ants in the ant-hill are working.

The knight under the trees is the guard.

The plants, which grows in our backyard , are very

nice to the see.

2
 RULE 3: PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES BETWEEN
THE SUBJECT AND VERB USUALLY DO NOT
AFFECT THE AGREEMENT.

1. Bones of the cow are nutritious.

2. The biker in this race is very competitive.
3. The bikers in this race are very competitive.
4.
3
The computers found in the library are new.

5. new curriculum.
One of the schools in Pampanga is implementing a
RULE 4: IF A SENTENCE STARTS
WITH “THERE” OR “ HERE”, THE
SUBJECT WILL ALWAYS BE PLACED
AFTER THE VERB.
There is a problem with the balance sheet.

Here are the results from this past month.

Here are the papers you requested.

There is an error with the codes.

 LETS TRY THIS!

There is/are_______ a problem with the internet

connection.

There are/is ____ activist people in front of the hospital.

Here are/is _____ the materials for the operation tomorrow.

There is a problem with the internet connection.

There are activist people in front of the hospital.

Here are the materials for the operation tomorrow.

Rule 5: Subjects can come after the
verb in questions.

1. Does Betty always play with dolls?

2. How are the Bosco sticks today?

3. Does Doggy usually eat fish ?
 LET’S TRY THIS

4. Where are the songs in this album?

5. Where are the pieces of this collection?

 Rule 6: If two subjects are joined by “and”,
they typically require a plural verb.

1. The puppy and the lady are friends.

2. The singer and the actress are from different

country.

3. My father and I will go to market today.

LETS TRY THIS!

4. The lawyer and the judge will go/goes______ to the

court later.

5. The teachers and the principal will have/has______

a meeting.

6. The police and the detective will have/has_____ the

case.
4. The lawyer and the judge will go to the court later.

5. The teachers and the principal will have a meeting.

6. The police and the detective will have the case.

 Rule 7: If two subjects are separated by “and”
refer to the same thing, the verb is singular.

1. Spaghetti and meatballs is my favorite pasta dish.

2. Red beans and rice is my favorite dish.

3. Ham and bread has been my favorite snack.

4. Spoon and fork is used in eating.

5. Shoes and socks is the gift that I received.

6. Pen and Note is my tool in school.

 RULE 8: IF BOTH SUBJECTS ARE
SINGULAR AND CONNECTED BY OR, NOR,
NEITHER/NOR, EITHER/OR AND NOT
ONLY/BUT ALSO, THE VERB IS SINGULAR.

1. Sally or Bubba has stolen the scarecrow.

Not only the guitar player but also the drummer was
2. soaked with sweat.

3. Neither Lina nor Cathy was absent yesterday.

4. Either apple or grape is sweet.

5. Neither Marco nor Vincent is good in class.

6. Either Jessy or Daisy is good in singing.

RULE 9: IF BOTH SUBJECTS ARE PLURAL
AND CONNECTED BY THE WORDS OR, NOR,
NEITHER/NOR, EITHER/OR, AND NOT
ONLY/BUT ALSO, THE VERB IS PLURAL.

Cookies or brownies are nice treats for your teacher.

1.
Teachers and students are part of the teaching – learning
2. process.
 RULE 10: IF ONE SUBJECT IS SINGULAR AND
ONE PLURAL AND ARE CONNECTED BY THE
WORDS OR, NOR, NEITHER/NOR, EITHER/OR,
AND NOT ONLY/BUT ALSO, USE THE SUBJECT
THAT IS NEAREST THE VERB.

1. Either my sisters or my mom has sent me a present.

Not only Bob but also the Smiths want some hamburgers
2. for supper.

3. Neither the teacher nor the students join the competition.

3. Not only the apples but also the orange is sold out.

4. Either Chris or the boys are courting me.

 RULE 11: UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
USUALLY USE A SINGULAR VERB.

1. Six gallons of paint was used on the house.

2. Five dollars is too much for a cup of coffee.

3. Four quarts of oil was required to get the car running.

4. One half of the members of the cabinet believes that
president is responsible for the incident.

5. Two third of the spectators of the concert shouts when

the show started.
 RULE 12: COLLECTIVE NOUNS
USUALLY TAKE A SINGULAR VERB.

1. The herd is stampeding.

2. The class was ready for the test.

3. The faculty is going to participate in the program.

4. The senate decides to make the judgement.

5. The yellow team is the winner.

 RULE 13: TITLES OF BOOKS,
MOVIES, NOVELS, ETC. ARE
TREATED AS SINGULAR.

Holes was one of my favorite books. I want to see the

1. movie.
The Tomorrow Land is a movie starring George
2. Clooney.

3. Back to the Future is my favorite movie.

4. Assessment of Learning Outcomes is our reference
book in this subject.

5. El Filibusterismo is the novel of Dr. Jose Rizal

 RULE 14: TWO INFINITIVES
SEPARATED BY AND TAKE A PLURAL
VERB.

1. To run and to read are my two favorite “Free-time”

activities.

2. To glide and to fly are extraordinary.

3. To sing and to play guitar require great skill.

 RULE 15: GERUNDS ALONE TAKE A
SINGULAR VERB. GERUNDS LINKED
BY AND TAKE A PLURAL VERB.

1. Dancing is not something everyone can do as well

as I can!

2. Swimming in the river and playing guitar are my

hobbies.

3. Playing basketball is very tiring.

4. Dancing and singing are quite difficult.

5. Standing in the tower was a bad idea.

 RULE 16: IF THE WORDS EACH,
EVERY OR NO COME BEFORE THE
SUBJECT, THE VERB IS SINGULAR.

1. Each boy and girl has to take the test.

2. No paper and pen is required.

3. Every frog and toad turns into a prince.

 RULE 17: MOST INDEFINITE
PRONOUNS TAKE SINGULAR
VERBS.

one body thing

someone somebody something
anyone anybody anything
No one nobody nothing
everyone everybody everything
1. Everybody is happy.

2. Nobody has passed for the examination.

3. Someone is waiting outside the hall.

4. Anybody is the player of the game.

RULE 18: BOTH, FEW, MANY,
OTHERS, ALL, SOME, AND SEVERAL
TAKE A PLURAL VERB

1. Several need to finish the race.

2. A few have the right answer.

3. Both police and criminal were found dead.

4. All are good in the game.

5. Some are gathering their data about the experiment.

RULE 19: WHEN THE SUBJECT IS ALL, ANY, MORE,
MOST, NONE, OR SOME, THIS IS THE ONLY TIME
YOU MUST LOOK AT THE OBJECT OF THE
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE TO DETERMINE
WHETHER IT IS SINGULAR OR PLURAL.

1. All of the chickens have laid eggs.

2. Some of the milk has spilled.

Most of the students are worried about their grades.

3.
RULE 20: FINAL RULE- REMEMBER,
ONLY THE SUBJECT AFFECTS THE
VERB!
• LET’S HAVE A SHORT

REVIEW!
• WRITE THREE SENTENCEs THAT TELLS ABOUT YOUR

WISH,
COMMAND IN SOMETHING, AND

FACT
ONE ABOUT YOU.
 MOOD
OF THE VERB
LESSON OUTCOMES:
: what is Mood of the verb

: what are the three types of the mood of verbs

:Determine the differences between the three

types of the mood of the verbs
 MOOD
OF THE VERB
WHAT IS MOOD?
LIFE MEANINGS
- How you are feeling at a given time

LITERATURE MEANINGS
- The reader’s emotional response

- The atmosphere of a story

 MOOD IN GRAMMAR

• DEFINITION: The form a verb takes to indicate the

ATTITUDE of the person using the verb.
 MOOD TENSE VOICE
shows
attitude shows who’s
shows time
(telling a fact, doing an
(past,
giving a action or
present,
command, having action
future)
expressing a done to them
wish)
 MOOD
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
IMPERATIVE
INDICATIVE MOOD
EXPRESS A FACT, OPINION, OR QUESTION

EXAMPLE
It is 84 degrees in here.
I think I am going to pass out.
Can we please turn the heat down?
INDICATIVE MOOD

EXAMPLE:
Fact: Tim is singing a song
Opinion: Tim sings a song well
Question: Is Tim singing a song?
WRITE ONE SENTENCE IN INDICATIVE MOOD
IMPERATIVE MOOD
DIRECT COMMAND OR REQUEST

EXAMPLE
Show me the money.
Now give me the money.
Don’t call the police.
IMPERATIVE MOOD
EXAMPLE

Command: Sing a song

Command: Tim, sing a song
Request: Please sing a song
WRITE ONE SENTENCE IN IMPERATIVE MOOD
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

1.PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
2. PAST SUBJUNCTIVE
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
TO EXPRESS A SUGGESTION, A NECESSITY, OR AN
INDIRECT COMMAND/ORDER

EXAMPLE
I demand that he do the assignment.
Her mom insisted that she not play tomorrow night.
I insist that Michael come early.
I strongly suggest that he cooperate with the police.
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

EXAMPLE
1. DEMAND: The teacher recommended that I be in her class.
2. NECESSITY: I recommend that you be on time the rest of the year.
3. SUGGESTION: The judge suggested that we be given first prize.
PAST SUBJUNCTIVE
TO EXPRESS AN UNTRUE CONDITION, OR A WISH OR DESIRE..

EXAMPLE
1.I wish you were in my English class.
2. I wish Mr. Mc Gowan weren’t so awesome.
3. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
PAST SUBJUNCTIVE

EXAMPLE
1. If Sarah were the principal, things might be a
lot better.
2. I wish I were a genius.
COMMON VERBS

ask, demand, determine, insist, move,

order, pray, prefer, recommend, regret,
request, require, suggest, and wish.

106
WRITE ONE SENTENCE IN PRESENT SUBJECTIVE AND ONE
SENTENCE IN PAST SUBJECTIVE MOOD
Express a fact, opinion, or
question

Direct command or request

INDICATIVE

IMPERATIVE

SUBJUNCTIVE

PRESENT: To express a suggestion, a

necessity, or an
indirect command/order
PAST: To express an untrue condition, or
a wish or desire
QUESTIONS?
“ ACTIVITY
LETS HAVE AN

”
110
IDENTIFY THE MOOD OF THE FOLLOWING
SENTENCES

1. Maria translates articles into Spanish.

2. I wish you were here.
• 3. Bring me the towels.
• 4. I suggest that you be quiet now.
• 5. Please be quiet.
• 6. The coach asked that each player practice twice each day.

111
THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATION!
THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATION!