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The Cell Theory

The document summarizes key events and discoveries in the history of cell theory, including Hooke's observation of cells in 1665, van Leeuwenhoek's creation of a powerful microscope in 1673, Brown noticing Brownian motion in 1827-33, Schleiden concluding in 1838 that plants are made of cells, Schwann concluding in 1839 that animals are made of cells, and Virchow concluding in 1855 that all cells come from pre-existing cells, establishing the three principles of cell theory. It then discusses differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and provides examples of each.

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Evangelene Esquillo Sana
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186 views17 pages

The Cell Theory

The document summarizes key events and discoveries in the history of cell theory, including Hooke's observation of cells in 1665, van Leeuwenhoek's creation of a powerful microscope in 1673, Brown noticing Brownian motion in 1827-33, Schleiden concluding in 1838 that plants are made of cells, Schwann concluding in 1839 that animals are made of cells, and Virchow concluding in 1855 that all cells come from pre-existing cells, establishing the three principles of cell theory. It then discusses differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and provides examples of each.

Uploaded by

Evangelene Esquillo Sana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Important events in

the discovery of the


cell and the
development of the
cell theory…..
1665 – Robert Hooke
Observed cells in cork.
Coined the term "cells”.

Cork Cells
1673- Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Created a powerful
microscope
1827-33 - Robert Brown
-noticed that pollen grains in water jiggled around
called “Brownian motion”
-discovered the nucleus
Nucleus

Human Cheek Cell


1838 - Matthias Schleiden
A botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells.

Typical Plant Cell


1839 - Theodor Schwann
A zoologist who concluded that all animals
are made of cells.

Nerve Cells
1855 - Rudolph Virchow

A physician who did


research on cancer cells
and concluded
“Omnis cellula e cellula”.

“All cells are from other


pre-existing cells.”
The Cell Theory
1. All living things are composed of
one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in an
organism.
3. Cells come only from existing
cells.
Cells are Diverse…
both in size,
shape, and
internal
organization.
Why Are Cells So Small?
• Transport- Cell volume to surface area
ratios favor small size.
• Control- Nucleus to cytoplasm
consideration.
• Metabolic requirements-
……..we’ll come back to this later.
How small can a cell be?

Mycoplasmas - bacteria that are 0.1 to 1.0 m.


(1/10 the size of regular
bacteria).

Note: 1.0 m = one millionth of a meter


All cells have……
• Plasma (cell) Membrane
• Nucleus (eukaryotes only)
• Cytoplasm (an area)
• Organelles (structures with
specialized functions)
Cell Types
Prokaryotes- simple cells that do
not have internal membranes
example = bacteria

Eukaryotes- more complex cells


that do have internal, membrane-
bound structures
examples = plants and animals
Timeline
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Organisms: Organisms:
First appeared First appeared
2.0 BYA
3.5 BYA
include protists,
include bacteria fungi, plants and
and cyanobacteria animals
Key Differences:
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
• Lack a nucleus and • Have a nucleus and other
other membrane
bounded structures. membrane bounded
• Have small ribosomes structures.
• DNA is not organized • Have large ribosomes
into chromosomes • DNA is organized into
• Flagella are not made of chromosomes
microtubules and does
not have a 9+2 structure • Flagella are made of
• Cell walls are made of microtubules and have a
peptidoglycan, not 9+2 structure
cellulose • Cell walls are made of
cellulose
Examples
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Nucleus
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic

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