Relations and Functions

Objectives
a.Define functions;

b.Differentiate relations and functions;

and
c.Represent real-life situations using
functions, including piecewise
functions.
1-6 Relations and Functions 1
Review
 A relation between two variables x and y is a set
of ordered pairs
 An ordered pair consist of a x and y-coordinate
 A relation may be viewed as ordered pairs, mapping
design, table, equation, or written in sentences
 x-values are inputs, domain, independent
variable
 y-values are outputs, range, dependent variable

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 Example 1

{(0, 5), (1, 4), ( 2, 3), ( 3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 0)}

What is the domain?

•

{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
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Example 2

Input 4 –5 0 9 –1

Output –2 7

• What is the domain?

{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
•What is the range?

{-2, 7}
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 Is a relation a function?

What is a function?
According to the textbook, “a
function is…a relation in which
every input is paired with exactly
one output”

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 Is a relation a function?
• Focus on the x-coordinates, when given a relation

If the set of ordered pairs have different x-coordinates,

it IS A function

If the set of ordered pairs have same x-coordinates,

it is NOT a function

• Y-coordinates have no bearing in determining functions

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 Example 3
{(0, 5), (1, 4), (2, 3), ( 3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 0)}

•Is this a function?

•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates

YES

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 Example 4
{(–1, 7), (1, 0), ( 2, 3), (0, 8), (0, 5), (–2, 1)}

Is this a function?
•
•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates

NO

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Example 5
Which mapping represents a function?

Choice One Choice Two

3 –1 2 2
1 2 –1 3
0 3 3 –2
0

Choice 1
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Example 6
Which mapping represents a function?

A. B.

B
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 Example 7
Which situation represents a function?

a. The items in a store to their prices on a certain

date
b. Types of fruits to their colors
There is only one price for each different A fruit, such as an apple, from the domain
item on a certain date. The relation from would be associated with more than one
items to price makes it a function. color, such as red and green. The relation
from types of fruits to their colors is not a
function.

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 Vertical Line Test

Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function if a

•

vertical line drawn through its graph, passes through

only one point.

AKA: “The Pencil Test”

Take a pencil and move it from left to right (–x to x);
if it crosses more than one point, it is not a function

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Vertical Line Test

Would this
graph be a
function?

YES
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Vertical Line Test

Would this
graph be a
function?

NO
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Is the following function discrete or
continuous? What is the Domain?
What is the Range?

Discrete



-7, 1, 5, 7, 8, 10



1, 0, -7, 5, 2, 8

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Is the following function discrete or
continuous? What is the Domain?
What is the Range?

continuous

 8,8
 


 6,6
 

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Is the following function discrete or
continuous? What is the Domain?
What is the Range?

continuous

 0,45
 


10,70
 

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Is the following function discrete or
continuous? What is the Domain?
What is the Range?

discrete

 -7, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7
 

2, 3, 4, 5, 7

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be expressed by the
equation y = 2x.

What subset of the real numbers makes sense for the

domain?

Whole numbers

What would make sense for the range of the

function?

Zero and the even numbers

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be expressed by the
equation y = 2x.

What is the independent variable?

The # of pairs of shoes.

What is the dependent variable?

The total # of shoes.

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four hours to get
there. The distance he travels at any time, t, is represented by the
function d = 55t (his average speed is 55mph.

Write an inequality that represents the domain in real life.

0 x  4
Write an inequality that represents the range in real life.

0  y  220

1-6 Relations and Functions 21

 Domain and Range in Real Life
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four hours to get
there. The distance he travels at any time, t, is represented by the
function d = 55t (his average speed is 55mph.

What is the independent variable?

The time that he drives.
What is the dependent variable?

The total distance traveled.

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Johnny bought at most 10 tickets to a concert for him and his friends.
The cost of each ticket was $12.50.
Complete the table below to list the possible domain and range.

           
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
           
12.50 25.00 37.50 50 62.50 75 87.50 100 112.50 125

What is the independent variable?

The number of tickets bought.
What is the dependent variable?
The total cost of the tickets.

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Pete’s Pizza Parlor charges $5 for a large pizza with no toppings.
They charge an additional $1.50 for each of their 5 specialty toppings
(tax is included in the price).

Jorge went to pick up his order. They said his total bill was $9.50.
Could this be correct? Why or why not?

Yes One pizza with 3 toppings cost $9.50

Susan went to pick up her order. They said she owed $10.25. Could
this be correct? Why or why not?

No One pizza with 4 toppings cost $11

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Pete’s Pizza Parlor charges $5 for a large pizza with no toppings.
They charge an additional $1.50 for each of their 5 specialty toppings
(tax is included in the price).

What is the independent variable?

The number of toppings

What is the dependent variable?

The cost of the pizza

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 EVALUATING
FUNCTIONS

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Evaluating Function

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Function Notation
 f(x) means function of x and is read “f of x.”
 f(x) = 2x + 1 is written in function notation.

The notation f(1) means to replace x with 1

resulting in the function value.
f(1) = 2x + 1
f(1) = 2(1) + 1
f(1) = 3

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Function Notation
Given g(x) = x2 – 3, find g(-2).
g(-2) = x – 3 2

g(-2) = (-2) – 3
2

g(-2) = 1

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PRACTICE!

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Seatwork! COPY AND ANSWER

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 Function Notation
Given f(x) = 2 x2  3 x , the following.

a. f(3) b. 3f(x) c. f(3x)

f(3) = 2x2 – 3x 3f(x) = 3(2x2 – 3x) f(3x) = 2x2 – 3x

f(3) = 2(3)2 – 3(3) 3f(x) = 6x2 – 9x f(3x) = 2(3x)2 – 3(3x)
f(3) = 2(9) - 9 f(3x) = 2(9x2) – 3(3x)
f(3) = 9 f(3x) = 18x2 – 9x

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For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = 3

f(1.5) = 4

f(-4) = 4

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For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = 1

f(1.5) = 3

f(-4) =1

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For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = -5

f(1.5) = 1

f(-4) =1

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