DCB20042

BUILDING ELECTRICAL
SERVICES

by Victor Teng
 TOPIC 2
CONSUMER CIRCUITS
CONSUMER CIRCUITS
2.1 KNOW THE CONCEPT OF FINAL CIRCUIT
Final circuits only supply final loads such as lights, sockets, showers,
cookers etc.
Final circuit is the outgoing cable connected to the current using
equipment associated with the wiring of an installation.
A circuit from one of MCB in distribution box connected to load such
as lamps, fans and sockets outlet.
Ring circuit and radial circuit are mainly used to connect the current to
final circuit.
CONSUMER CIRCUITS
THE IMPORTANCE OF CIRCUIT ISOLATION:
To avoid any hazards/ excess current due to damage/failure of
electrical equipments /short circuit in electrical system.
To ensure that the parts of electrical installation are easily
disconnected when conducting inspection, testing or other maintenance
works without interrupting other circuits.
To avoid any damaged circuit affects/ interrupting other circuits.
CONSUMER CIRCUITS
THE IMPORTANCE OF CIRCUIT ISOLATION:
Any electrical installation that consists of more than 1 final circuit,
each final circuit must be connected with fuse or circuit breaker.
The wiring system for each final circuit must be isolated from sub final
circuit.
The cable’s capacity to carry current at every final circuits must not
less than nominal current of protective circuit device except for ring
circuit.
CONSUMER CIRCUITS
2.2 UNDERSTAND TYPES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Series circuit
Parallel circuit
Ring circuit
Radial circuit
CONSUMER CIRCUITS
2.2 UNDERSTAND TYPES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Series circuit
Parallel circuit
Ring circuit
Radial circuit
2.2 UNDERSTAND TYPES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Series circuit

Parallel
EXAMPLE OF CIRCUIT TO CONTROL LAMPS:
EXAMPLE OF CIRCUIT TO CONTROL CEILING FAN:
2.2 UNDERSTAND TYPES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Radial Circuit

Ring Circuit
IEE REGULATIONS FOR RADIAL CIRCUIT:
IEE REGULATIONS FOR RING CIRCUIT:
SPURS CONNECTION IN RING CIRCUIT:
EXAMPLE OF ELECTR. WIRING FOR
HOUSE
CURRENT DEMAND
It is the highest level of electrical demand monitored in a particular period usually for a month
period.

Example:
Given, the list of load installation for a residential:-
 7units x 100W filament lamp
1 unit 3kW water heater
Calculate maximum current demand of the installation.

Answer: Filament Lamp, I = (7 x 100)/ 240 = 2.92A

Water heater , I = (3 x 1000) / 240 = 12.5A
Hence, maximum current demand = 2.92A + 12.5A = 15.42A
EXERCISE 1:
Given, the list of loads installation for a residential:-
 10 units x 100W filament lamp
4 units x 40W fluorescent lamps
2 units x 20A radial circuit socket outlet 13A
1 unit 3kW water heater (instantaneous type)

Calculate maximum current demand of the installation.

ANSWER FOR EXERCISE 1: Also applied to
discharge lamp
Power
No. of Wattage Power
Load (unit) including PF Current demand (I)
load (W) factor (PF)
(W)

10 x 100W
Filament lamps 10 - - I = P/V = 1000/240 = 4.17A
= 1000W

Fluorescent 4 x 40W = 160 x 1.8 =

4 1.8 I = P/V = 288/240 = 1.2A
lamps 160W 288W
Radial circuit
socket outlet 2 - - - (2 X 20A) = 40A
13A

Water heater
(instantaneous 1 1 x 3000W - 3000W I = P/V = 3000/240 = 12.5A
Hence,
type) maximum current demand of the installation
= 4.17A + 1.2A + 40A + 12.5A = 57.87A
EXERCISE 2:
Given, the list of load installation for a residential:-
 5units x 100W filament lamp
3 units x 40W fluorescent lamps
2 units x 20A radial circuit socket outlet 13A
1 unit 3kW water heater (instantaneous type)
1 unit x 4kW cooker
1 unit x 1HP air conditioning
1 unit of 75W ceiling fan

Calculate maximum current demand of the installation.

 ANSWER FOR EXERCISE 2:
No. of Power factor Power including
Load (unit) Wattage (W) Current demand (I)
load (PF) PF (W)

5 x 100W =
Filament lamps 5 - - I = P/V = 500/240 = 2.08A
500W
3 x 40W =
Fluorescent lamps 3 1.8 120 x 1.8 = 216W I = P/V = 216/240 = 0.9A
120W

Radial circuit socket

2 - - - (1 x 20A) + (1 X 20A) = 40A
outlet 13A

Water heater
1 x 3000W =
(instantaneous 1 - 3000W I = P/V = 3000/240 = 12.5A
3000W
type)
1 x 4000W =
Cooker 1 - - I = P/V = 4000/240 =16.67A
4000W

1x746W =
Air conditioning 1 - - I = 746/ (240 x 0.85) = 3.66A
746W

1 x 75W =
Ceiling fan 1 0.85 1 x 75W = 75W I = 75/240 x 0.85 = 0.37A
75W

Hence, maximum current demand = (2.08 + 0.9 + 40 + 12.5 + 16.67 + 3.66 + 0.37)A =
76.37A
 DIVERSITY FACTOR (DF)
 Diversity Factor is ratio of the sum of the individual maximum demands of the
various sub circuit of a system to the maximum demand of the whole system.

 Faktor kepelbagaian ialah suatu kiraan anggaran yang membenarkan

pengurangan arus bagi alat , saiz pengalir kabel , pengasing dan alat
perlindungan.
 DIVERSITY FACTOR (DF)
 Faktor kepelbagaian adalah satu faktor yang diambil kira dalam membuat
pengiraan beban pepasangan bagi menentukan kadar peranti keselamatan dan
kabel yang digunakan pada litar utama dan sub litar utama daripada permintaan
arus maksima.

 Penggunaan faktor kepelbagaian bagi mengelakkan pembaziran penggunaan saiz

kabel dan penggunaan peranti keselamatan terlalu besar.
 DIVERSITY FACTOR (DF)
Pengurangan saiz-saiz tersebut diambil kira dengan beranggapan bahawa tidak
semua beban digunakan secara serentak pada sesuatu masa.

Bagi perindustrian dan bangunan besar,faktor kepelbagaian hanya boleh

dilakukan oleh konsultan dan orang Kompetan.

Kaedah membuat pengiraan bagi pepasangan domestik dan industri adalah

berpandukan kepada jadual faktor kepelbagaian daripada peraturan (IEE) dan
peraturan elektrik.
 DIVERSITY FACTOR (DF)
EXAMPLE 1:

Given, a house is connected with the following loads:

8 units x 60W of Filament lamps
10 units x 36W of discharge lamps
5unit x 16A radial socket outlet 13A (controlled by MCB 16A)
2 units x 2.0hp of air conditioning (instantaneous type)
2 units x 1.5kW of water heater
1 unit x 3kW of cooker

If the supplied voltage is 230V, calculate the current demand by considering the diversity factor.
 DIVERSITY FACTOR (DF)
ANSWER FOR EXAMPLE 1:

Calculation for Current

Calculation for Maximum
Demand (diversity factor Maximum Current (I) Current Demand (I)
Current (I)
applied), I

Filament Lamp
= (8 x 60)/230 66% x 2.09A = 1.38A 2.09A 1.38A
= 2.09A
Discharge lamp
= (10 x 36 x 1.8)/230 = 66% x 2.81A = 1.85A 2.81A 1.85A
2.81A
100% MCB terbesar
Socket outlet 13A
= 16A
= 5 x 16A
80A 41.6A
=80A
40% baki = 40% x 64A
= 25.6A
Air conditioning
= (2 x 2.0 x 746)/ (230 x 15.26A
15.26A 15.26A
0.85) (No diversity factor)
= 15.26A
 DIVERSITY FACTOR (DF)
ANSWER FOR EXAMPLE 1:

Calculation for Current

Calculation for Maximum
Demand (diversity factor Maximum Current (I) Current Demand (I)
Current (I)
applied), I
100% full load of largest
Water heater appliances = 6.52A
= (2 x 1500) / 230 13.04A 13.04A
= 13.04A 100% of second largest
appliances = 6.52A

First 10A
= 10A
Cooker
= (1 x 3000)/230 13.04A 10.91A
30% full load of connected
= 13.04A
cooking appliances
= 30% x 3.04A = 10.91A

TOTAL CURRENT DEMAND: 126.24A 84.04A

Hence, total current demand = 84.04A

 DIVERSITY FACTOR (DF)
EXAMPLE 2:
Given, a house is connected with the following loads:
6 units x 80W of Filament lamps
5 units x 45W of discharge lamps
3unit x 20A radial socket outlet 13A
1 units x 3.5HP of air conditioning
3 units x 1.5kW of water heater (instantaneous type)
1 unit x 3kW of cooker

If the supplied voltage is 240V, calculate the current demand by considering the diversity factor.

Answer = 113.42A (total current demand)

THANK YOU!!