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Introduction To Quadratic Equations

This document outlines the structure and content of a lesson on solving quadratic equations. The lesson is divided into 7 sections (A-G). Section A introduces solving quadratic equations of the form (x-a)(x-b)=0 algebraically by finding the values of x that make each factor equal to 0. It includes examples and questions to check understanding. Section B explains that equations of this form are called quadratic equations and discusses finding the roots graphically and through a table. It has additional examples and questions.

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Cielo Lanzaderas
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (1 vote)
187 views49 pages

Introduction To Quadratic Equations

This document outlines the structure and content of a lesson on solving quadratic equations. The lesson is divided into 7 sections (A-G). Section A introduces solving quadratic equations of the form (x-a)(x-b)=0 algebraically by finding the values of x that make each factor equal to 0. It includes examples and questions to check understanding. Section B explains that equations of this form are called quadratic equations and discusses finding the roots graphically and through a table. It has additional examples and questions.

Uploaded by

Cielo Lanzaderas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 49

Index

Index
Section A

Section A: To solve quadratic equations of the form algebraically


Section B: To solve quadratic equations of the form
making use of tables and graphs
Section B

Section C: To solve quadratic equations of the form


that are factorable
Section C

Section D: To solve quadratic equations of the form


that are factorable (Higher Level only)
Section E: To solve quadratic equations of the form
Section D

Section F: To solve quadratic equations using the formula


(Higher Level only)
Section G: To solve quadratic equations given in rational form
Section E
Section F
Section G
Index

Section A: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

• What is meant by finding the solution of the equation 4x


+6=14?
Section B

• Why is x =1 not a solution of 4x+6=14


• How do we find the solution to 4x + 6 = 14?
Section C

• Remember to check your answer.


• What is 4 x 0?
Section D

• What is 5 x 0?
• What is 0 x 5?
Section E

• What is 0 x n?
Section F

• What is 0 x 0?
• When something is multiplied by 0 what is the answer?
Section G
Index

Section A: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

• If xy = 0 what do we know about x and or y?


• Compare (x - 3)(x - 4) = 0, with xy = 0 and what information
Section B

can we arrive at?


• If x - 3 = 0, what does this tell us about x?
Section C

• If x - 4 = 0, what does this tell us about y?


• How do we check if x = 3 is a solution to (x - 3)(x - 4) = 0?
Section D

• How do we check if x = 4 is a solution to (x - 3)(x - 4) =0?


• Write in your copies in words what x = 3 or x= 4 means in the
Section E

context of (x - 3)(x - 4) = 0.
Section F

• When an equation is written in the form (x - a)(x - b)=0, what


are the solutions?
Section G
Index

Section A: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

Solve (x - 1)(x - 3) = 0

x – 1= 0 or x-3=0
Section B

x =1 x=3

How do we check that these are solutions?


Section C

Let x = 1 Let x = 3
(1 - 1)(1 - 3) = 0 (3 - 1)(3 - 3) = 0
(0)(-2) = 0 (2)(0) = 0
Section D

0=0 0=0
Section E

TRUE

Is it sufficient to state x = 3 is a solution to (x - 1) (x - 3) = 0?


Section F

No both x = 3 and x = 1 are solutions

Answer questions 1 to 7 on Section A: Student Activity 1 .


Section G
Index

Section A: Student Activity 1


Section A

Note: It is always good practice to check solutions. The roots of a


quadratic equation are the elements of its solution set. For example
if x = 1,x = 2 are the root ⇒{1, 2} = solution set. The roots of a
Section B

quadratic equation are another name for its solution set.


Section C

1. If xy = 0, what value must either x or y or both have?


2. Write in your own words what solving an equation means.
Section D

3. Solve the following equations:


a. (x - 1) (x - 2) = 0 b. (x - 4) (x - 5) = 0
Section E

c. (x - 3) (x - 5) = 0 d. (x - 2) (x - 5) = 0
4. What values of x make the following statements true:
Section F

a. (x - 2) (x - 5) = 0 b. (x - 4) (x + 5) = 0 c. (x - 2) (x + 4) = 0
5. Find the roots of (x - 4) (x + 5) = 0.
Section G
Index

Section A: Student Activity 1


Section A

5. Find the roots of (x - 4) (x + 5) = 0.


6. Solve the equation (x - 3) (x + 2) = 0.
Section B

Hence state what the roots of (x - 3) (x + 2) = 0 are.


7. Find a positive value for x that makes the statement (x - 4) (x + 2) = 0
Section C

true.
8. Solve the following equations:
Section D

a. x (x - 1) = 0 b. x (x - 2) = 0 c. x (x + 4) = 0
9. a. These students each made at least one error, explain the error(s) in
Section E

each case:
Section F
Section G
Index

Section A: Student Activity 1

Lesson interaction
Section A

How does the equation x (x - 5) = 0 differ from the equation


(x - 0)(x - 5) = 0?
Section B

Why are they the same?


Section C

Hence what is the solution?


Section D

What are the solutions of x (x - 6) = 0?

Answer questions 8-11 on Section A: Student Activity 1.


Section E
Section F
Section G
Index

Section A: Student Activity 1


Section A

8. Solve the following equations:


a. x (x - 1) = 0 b. x (x - 2) = 0 c. x (x + 4) = 0
Section B

9. a. These students each made at least one error, explain the error(s) in
each case:
Section C
Section D
Section E
Section F
Section G
Index

Section A: Student Activity 1


Section A

9. a. These students each made at least one error, explain the


error(s) in each case:
Section B
Section C
Section D

b. Solve each equation correctly showing all the steps clearly


Section E

10. If x = 5 is a solution to the equation (x - 4) (x – b) =0what is


the value of b?
Section F

11. Is x = 3 a solution to the equation (x - 3) (x - 2) Explain your


reasoning. Solve this equation.
Section G
Index

Section B: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

• Equations of the form are given a special name, they are called
quadratic Equations.
Section B

• Give me an example of a quadratic Equation.


• Is (x - 1) (x - 2) = 0 a quadratic Equation?
Section C

• Why is (x - 1) (x - 2) = 0 a quadratic Equation?


• What does it mean to solve the equation (x - 1) (x - 2) = 0?
Section D

• What is meant by the roots of an equation?


• It is true that finding the roots of an equation and solving the
Section E

equation mean the same thing?


Section F

• Solve the equation (x - 1) (x - 2) = 0 using algebra.


• So what are the roots of (x - 1) (x - 2) = 0
Section G
Index

Section B: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

• Copy the table on the board into -2 12  


-1  6 
your exercise book and complete it.
Section B

0  2 
1  0 
2  0 
Section C

3  2 

• For what values of x did (x - 1)(x - 2) = 0?


Section D

• What name is given to the value(s) of x that make(s) an equation


true?
Section E

• Draw a graph of the information in


the table, letting y = (x - 1) (x - 2).
Section F
Section G
Index

Section B: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

• For what values of x did the graph cut


the x axis?
• What is meant by the solution of an
Section B

equation?
• What was the value of y =(x - 1)(x - 2)

Lesson interaction
Section C

when x = 1 and x = 2?
• When using algebra to solve, what were the
Section D

values of x for which (x - 1) (x - 2) = 0 called?


• How can we get the solution by looking at the table?
• How can we get the solution by looking at the graph?
Section E

-2 12 
Complete the exercises in -1  6
Section F

Section B: Student Activity 2. 0  2


1  0
2  0
Section G

3  2
Index

Section B: Student Activity 2


Section A

1. a. Complete the following table:


Section B
Section C

b. From the table above determine the values of x for which the
Section D

equation is equal to 0.
c. Solve the equation (x + 2) (x + 1) = 0 by algebra.
d. What do you notice about the answer you got to parts b. and c. in
Section E

this question?
e. Draw a graph of the data represented in the above table.
f. Where does the graph cut the x axis? What is the value of
Section F

f (x) = (x + 2)(x + 1) at the points where the graph cuts the x axis?
g. Can you describe three methods of finding the solution to
Section G

(x + 2) (x + 1) = 0.
Index

Section B: Student Activity 2


Section A

2. Solve the equation (x - 1) (x - 4) = 0


a) by table, b) by graph and c) algebraically.
Section B

3. Write the equation represented in this table in the form (x−a)


(x−b)=0.
Section C
Section D
Section E
Section F
Section G
Index

Section B: Student Activity 2


Section A

4. The graph of a quadratic function


f(x) = ax2 + bx +c is represented by the
curve in the diagram.
Section B

Find the roots of the equation f(x) = 0


and so identify the function.
Section C

5. The graph of a quadratic function


Section D

f(x) = ax2 + bx +c is represented by the


curve in the diagram.
Find the roots of the equation f(x) = 0
Section E

and so identify the function.


Section F
Section G
Index

Section B: Student Activity 2


Section A

6. Where will the graphs of the following functions cut the x axis?
a. f (x) = (x - 7) (x - 8)
Section B

b. f (x) = (x + 7) (x + 8)
Section C

c. f (x) = (x - 7) (x + 8)
d. f (x) = (x + 7) (x - 8)
Section D

7. For what values of x does (x - 7) (x - 8) = 0?


Section E
Section F
Section G
Index

Section C: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

• What does it mean to find the factors of a number?


• What does it mean to find the factors of
Section B

• What is the guide number of this equation?


Section C

• How did you get this guide number?


• What are the factors of 2?
Section D

• Which pair shall we use?


• Why would I not use the pair -1 and -2?
Section E

• Ask students if this looks familiar to any other type of factorising


they have done before?
Section F

• Could I have written plus instead of and ?


Section G
Index

Section C: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

• I want you to investigate this for yourselves by factorising by


grouping each of these
Section B
Section C

• Why does the first solution have (x+2) in each bracket and the
second solution have (x+1) in each bracket?
Section D

• How would you check that both are correct?


Section E

• Solve the equation:


Section F

Answer questions 1 - 8 on Section C: Student Activity 3.


Section G
Solving quadratic equations
x squared, x’s, number equals zero
SOLVE x2  5x - 14  0
Can we FACTORISE ? Guide number Subtract to 13
(x )(x ) 0 14
1x14
No Good
Subtract to 5
2x7 Yes! Perfect

Factorised (x  2)(x  7)  0

 x + 2  0 x  7  0
Solved x  2 x7

11:35
Index

Factoring
Section A

• Multiply coefficient of and the constant to get the guide number


• Find the factor pairs of this number
Section B

• We want the factor pair that sums to give the middle term
• Split the middle term up using these two terms
Section C

• Factorise the four terms by grouping


Section D

+6
Section E
Section F
Section G

11:35
Index

Factoring
Section A

+6
Section B
Section C

x −3
• Multiply coefficient of and the constant to get
the guide number x x2 − 3x
Section D

• Find the factor pairs of this number


• We want the factor pair that sums to give the −2 − 2x +6
Section E

middle term
• Split the middle term up using these two terms

Section F

Factorise the four terms by grouping


Section G

11:35
Index

Section C: Student Activity 3


Section A

Note: It is always good practice to check solutions.


It is recommended you use the guide number method to find the
Section B

factors.
1. Solve the following equations:
a. b.
Section C

c. d.

2. Solve the equations:


Section D

a. b. c.

3. Are the following two equations different


Section E

Explain.

4. When a particular natural number is added to its square the result


Section F

is 12. Write an equation to represent this and solve the equation.


Are both solutions realistic? Explain.
Section G
Index

Section C: Student Activity 3


Section A

5. A number is 3 greater than another number. The product of the


numbers is 28. Write an equation to represent this and hence find
two sets of numbers that satisfy this problem.
Section B

6. The area of a garden is 50cm2. The width of the garden is 5cm


less than the breadth. Represent this as an equation. Solve the
Section C

equation. Use this information to find the dimensions of the garden.


Section D

7. A garden with an area of 99m2 has length x m. Its width is 2m


longer than its length. Write its area in term of x. Solve the equation
to find the length and width of the garden.
Section E

8. The product of two consecutive positive numbers is 110.


Represent this as an algebraic equation and solve the equation to
Section F

find the numbers.


Section G
Index

Section C: Introduction (II)

Lesson interaction
Section A

The width of a rectangle is 5cm greater


than its length. 𝒙
Could you write this in terms of x?
𝒙+𝟓
Section B

If we know the area is equal to 36cm , write the information we


2

know about this rectangle as an equation.

Lesson interaction
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂=(𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉)(𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉)
Section C

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂=𝒙 (𝒙+𝟓)
𝟑𝟔=𝒙 (𝒙+𝟓)
Solve this equation. 𝒙 ( 𝒙+ 𝟓 )=𝟑𝟔
Section D

𝟐
Check
𝒙 +𝟓 𝒙=𝟑𝟔 
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟓 𝒙 −𝟑𝟔=𝟎 
Section E

(𝒙+𝟗)(𝒙 − 𝟒)=𝟎 Are both solutions acceptable?


( 𝒙+𝟗 )=𝟎 𝒐𝒓 ( 𝒙 − 𝟒)=𝟎
Section F

𝒙 =− 𝟗 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 =𝟒
What is the length and width of the rectangle?
𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉=𝟒𝒄𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉=𝟗 𝒄𝒎
Section G

Is it sufficient to leave this question as x = 4?


Index

Section C: Student Activity 3


Section A

9. Use Pythagoras theorem to generate an


equation to represent the information in the
diagram. Solve this equation to find x.
Section B

10. One number is 2 greater than another number. When these two
numbers are multiplied together the result is 99. Represent this
Section C

problem as an equation and solve the equation.


Section D

11. Examine these students’ work and spot the error(s) in each case
and solve the equation fully:
Section E
Section F
Section G
Index

Section C: Student Activity 3


Section A

12.
a. Complete a table for for integer values between
-2 and 2.
Section B
Section C
Section D

b. Draw the graph of for values of x between -2 and 2.


Where does this graph cut the x axis?
Section E

c. Factorise and solve

d. What do you notice about the values you got for parts
Section F

a), b) and c)?


Section G
Index

Section C: Student Activity 3


Section A

13.
a. Complete a table for for integer values between
-3 and 3.
Section B
Section C
Section D

b. Draw the graph of for values of x between -3 and 3.


Where does this graph cut the x axis?
Section E

c. Factorise and solve

d. What do you notice about the values you got for parts
Section F

a), b) and c)?


Section G
Section G Section F Section E Section D Section C Section B Section A Index

Solve the equation


Section D: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Index

Factoring
Section A

• Multiply coefficient of and the constant to get the guide number


• Find the factor pairs of this number
Section B

• We want the factor pair that sums to give the middle term
• Split the middle term up using these two terms
Section C

• Factorise the four terms by grouping


4 −𝟔𝟎
Section D

4
Section E
Section F
Section G

11:35
Index

Factoring
Section A

−𝟔𝟎
Section B
Section C

• Multiply coefficient of and the constant to get


the guide number
2x +3
Section D

• Find the factor pairs of this number


• We want the factor pair that sums to give the 2x 4x2 + 6x
Section E

middle term
• Split the middle term up using these two terms −5 − 10x - 15

Section F

Factorise the four terms by grouping


Section G

11:35
Index

Section D: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

Solve the equation


Section B
Section C

Find the factors of and hence solve


Section D
Section E
Section F

Answer questions contained in Section D: Student Activity 4.


Section G
Index

Section D: Student Activity 4


Section A

Note: It is always good practice to check solutions.


It is recommended you use the guide number method to find the
factors.
Section B

1. Find the factors of Hence solve


2. Find the factors of Hence solve
Section C

3. Find the factors of Hence solve


4. Find the factors of Hence solve
Section D

5. Find the factors of Hence solve


6. a. Is a quadratic equation? Explain your reasoning.
Section E

b. Find the factors of . Hence solve


Section F

7. Factorise Hence solve 9 = 0


Section G
Index

Section D: Student Activity 4


Section A

8. Twice a certain number plus four times the same number less one
is 0. Find the numbers.
Section B

9. a. Complete the following table and using your results, suggest


solutions to
Section C
Section D
Section E

b. Using the information in the table above, draw a graph of


Section F

hence solve the equation.


c. Did your results for a. agree with your results in b?
Section G
Index

Section D: Student Activity 4


Section A

10. Find the function represented by the curve in the


diagram opposite in the form
Then solve the equation
Section B
Section C
Section D
Section E
Section F
Section G
Index

Section E: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

Are quadratic equations? Explain why.


Give a general definition of a quadratic equation?
Section B

Are
Section C

quadratic equations?
Do you have a quadratic equation if a = 0?
Section D

If not what is it called?


What would the general form of the equation look like if
Section E

(i) b = 0,
(ii) c = 0,
Section F

(iii) a = 0,
(iv) b = 0 and c = 0?
Section G
Index

Section E: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

So is a quadratic expression?
What are the factors of ?
Section B

What was this called?


What is the solution of = 0?
Section C

How can we prove these values are the factors of ?


Section D
Section E
Section F
Section G
Index

Section E: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

How can you use the following diagrams of two squares to


graphically show that ?
x-y
Section B

y y y2
x Ax2 y
Section C

B x -y
x
Section D

Area A = (x) (x - y) Area B = (y) (x - y)


Section E

Area A + Area B = (x) (x - y) + (y) (x - y)


Section F

x2 – y2 = (x - y)(x + y)

Complete Section E: Student Activity 5.


Section G
Index

Section E: Student Activity 5


Section A

1. Factorise
a. b.
Section B

2. Solve:
a. b. c. a. d. e. f.
Section C

g.
3. Think of a number, square it, and subtract 64. If the answer is 0,
Section D

find the number(s).


4. Given an equation of the form , write the solutions to this
Section E

equation in terms of b.
5. Solve the equation graphically. Did you get the results you
Section F

expected? Explain your answer.


6. Calculate: a. b.
Section G
Index

Section E: Student Activity 5


Section A

Higher Level Only


7. Solve the following equations:
Section B

a. b.
c. d.
Section C

8. A man has a square garden of side 20m. He builds a pen for his
Section D

dog in one corner. If the area of the remaining part of his garden is
144m2, find the dimensions of the dog’s pen.
Section E
Section F
Section G
Index

Section F: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

e.g. 1
−𝒃± √ 𝒃 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝟐
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂 𝟐
Section B

−(𝟑)± √(𝟑) −𝟒(𝟏)(𝟐)


𝒙=
𝟐(𝟏)
Section C

−𝟑± √ 𝟏
𝒙=
−𝟑±𝟐𝟏
Section D

𝒙=
𝟐
Section E

𝒙=−𝟏𝟎𝒓 −𝟐
Section F
Section G
Index

Section F: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

• Is a quadratic equation?
• Can you find the factors of
Section B

• It is not always possible to solve quadratic equations through the use


of factors, but there are alternative methods to solve them.
Section C

• Comparing to a , the general


form of a quadratic equation
−𝒃± √ 𝒃 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
Section D

𝟐
• What are the values of a, b and c?
𝒙=
• Mathematicians use the formula 𝟐𝒂
Section E

to find the solutions to quadratic equations when they are unable to find
factors. It is worth noting however that the formula can be used with all
Section F

quadratic equation. We will now try it for , which we already know has x
= - 2 and x= - 1 as its solutions.
Section G
Index

Section F: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section A

e.g. 2
−𝒃± √ 𝒃 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝟐
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂 𝟐
Section B

−(𝟑)± √(𝟑) −𝟒(𝟏)(𝟏)


𝒙=
𝟐(𝟏)
Section C

−𝟑± √ 𝟓
𝒙=
𝟐
Section D

𝒙=−𝟐.𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝒓 −𝟎.𝟑𝟖𝟐
Section E

Complete the exercises in Section F:Student Activity 6.


Section F
Section G
Index

Section F: Student Activity 6


Section A

1. Using the formula solve the


following equations:
Section B
Section C
Section D

2. Solve the equation . Write the roots in the form


Section E

3. Given is a solution to the equation find the


other solution
Section F
Section G
Index

Section F: Student Activity 6


Section A

4. When using the quadratic formula to solve an equation and you know
x = 3 is a solution, does that mean that x = -3 is definitely the other
Section B

solution? Explain your reasoning with examples.


5.
Section C

a. Solve the equation by using a:


i. Table.
Section D

ii. Graph.
iii. Factors.
Section E

iv. Formula.
Section F

b. Did you get the same solutions using all four methods?
Section G
Section G Section F Section E Section D Section C Section B Section A Index

Simplify

Now solve the equation.:


( 6 ) (6 )

−2 𝑥 −2 𝑥
Section G: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section G Section F Section E Section D Section C Section B Section A Index

Simplify

Hence solve.:
( 𝑥) ( 𝑥)

− 10 − 10
Section G: Introduction

Lesson interaction
Section G Section F Section E Section D Section C Section B Section A Index

Solve the following equations:


Section G: Student Activity 7
Index

Section G: Student Activity 7


Section A

2. Square a number add 9, divide the result by 5. The result is


equal to twice the number. Write an equation to represent this and
Section B

solve the equation.


Section C

3. A prize is divided equally among five people. If the same prize


Section D

money is divided among six people each prize winner would get
€2 less than previously. Write an equation to represent this and
Section E

solve the equation.


Section F
Section G

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